DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Dietary fat preference and effects on performance of piglets at weaning

  • Weng, Ruey-Chee (Department of Animal Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology)
  • Received : 2016.07.01
  • Accepted : 2016.09.29
  • Published : 2017.06.01

Abstract

Objective: An experiment was to evaluate the interplay of dietary lipid sources and feeding regime in the transition from sow milk to solid food of abruptly weaned piglets. Methods: Soon after weaning, 144 piglets were selected and were trained over a 15 day period to experience gradually reducing dietary fat content from 12% to 6% for lard (L), soybean oil (S), and coconut oil (C) and their feeding behavior and diet preference then tested in a behavior observation experiment. Another 324 weaned piglets were used in three consecutive feeding experiments to measure the effect of different dietary fats on performance and feed choice in the four weeks after abrupt weaning. The lipid sources were used as supplements in a 3% crude fat corn/soya basal diet, with 6% of each being included to form diets 9C, 9S, and 9L respectively, and their effects on performance measured. Combinations of these diets were then further compared in fixed blends or free choice selection experiments. Results: Piglets pre-trained to experience reducing lipid inclusion showed different subsequent preferences according to lipid source, with a preference for lard at 9%, soybean oil at 3%, and coconut oil at 6% inclusion rate (p<0.001). Following abrupt weaning, whilst after 4 weeks those fed 9C had the heaviest body weights (18.13 kg, p = 0.006). Piglets fed a fixed 1:1 blend of 9C+9S had a poorer feed conversion ratio (FCR = 1.80) than those fed a blend of 9C+9L (FCR = 1.4). The 9C and 9L combination groups showed better performance in both fixed blend and free choice feeding regimes. Conclusion: After abrupt weaning, they still have dependence on high oleic acid lipids as found in sow milk. A feeding regime offering free choice combination of lipids might give the possibility for piglets to cope better with the transition at weaning, but further research is needed.

Keywords

References

  1. Trivers RL. Parent-offspring conflict. Amer Zool 1974;14:249-64. https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/14.1.249
  2. Edwards SA. Development of behaviour in piglets. In: Marx D, Grauvogl A, Smidt D, editors. Agriculture: welfare aspects of pig rearing. Mariensee Germany: Commission of the European Communities; 1987. p. 70-80.
  3. Jensen P, Stangel G. Behaviour of piglets during weaning in a seminatural enclosure. Appl Anim Behav Sci 1992;33:227-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1591(05)80010-3
  4. Stolba A, Wood-Gush DGM. The behaviour of pigs in a semi-natural environment. Anim Prod 1989;8:419-25.
  5. Jensen P, Recen B. When to wean-observations from free-ranging domestic pigs. Appl Anim Behav Sci 1989;23:49-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1591(89)90006-3
  6. Boe K. The process of weaning in pigs: when the sow decides. Appl Anim Behav Sci 1991;30:47-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1591(91)90084-B
  7. English PR, Fowler VR, Baxter S, Smith B. The growing and finishing pig: Improving efficiency. Ipswich, UK: Farming Press; 1988.
  8. Pajor EA, Fraser D, Kramer DL. Consumption of solid food by suckling pigs: Individual variation and relation to weight gain. Appl Anim Behav Sci 1991;32:139-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1591(05)80038-3
  9. Sola-Oriol D, Roura E, Torrallardona D. Feed preference in pigs: effect of cereal sources at different inclusion rates. J Anim Sci 2009; 87:562-70. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2008-0949
  10. SPSS. IBM Corp. Released. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22.0. Armonk. NY: IBM Corp; 2013.
  11. Pluske JR, Hampson DJ, Williams IH. Factors influencing the structure and function of the small intestine in the weaned pig: A review. Livest Prod Sci 1997;51:215-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-6226(97)00057-2
  12. Kelly D, Smyth JA, McCracken KJ. Digestive development of the early weaned pig: Effect of level of food intake on digestive enzyme activity during the immediate post weaning period. Br J Nutr 1991;65:181-8. https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN19910079
  13. Pluske JR, William IH, Aherne FX. Villous height and crypt depth in piglets in response to increases in the intake of cows’ milk after weaning. Anim Sci 1996;62:145-58. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1357729800014429
  14. Sola-Oriol D, Roura E, Torrallardona D. Feed preference in pigs: Effect of selected protein, fat, and fiber sources at different inclusion rates. J Anim Sci 2011;89:3219-27. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2011-3885
  15. Fowler VR. The nutrition of the piglet. In: Cole DJA, Haresign W, editors. Recent developments in pig nutrition. Butterworths, London: Elsevier; 1985. p. 222-9.
  16. Burrin DG. Nutrient requirements and metabolism. In: Pond WG, Mersmann HJ, editors. Biology of the domestic pig. Ithaca and London: Comstock Publishing Associates, Cornell University Press; 2001. ISBN 0-8014-3468-8.
  17. Darragh AJ, Moughan PJ. The Composition of colostrum and milk. In: Verstegen MWA, Moughan PJ, Schrama JW, editors. The lactating sow. Wageningen Press; 1998. ISBN 90-74134-43-2.
  18. Committee on Nutrient Requirements of Swine, National Research Council. Nutrient requirements of swine. 11th ed. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 2012.
  19. Frobish LT, Hays VW, Speer VC, Ewan RC. Effect of diet form and emulsifying agents on fat utilization by young pigs. J Anim Sci 1969; 29:320-4. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas1969.292320x
  20. Cera KR, Mahan DC, Reinhart GA. Apparent fat digestibilities and performance responses of postweaning swine fed diets supplemented with coconut oil, corn oil, or tallow. J Anim Sci 1989;67:2040-7. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas1989.6782040x
  21. Cera KR, Mahan DC, Reinhart GA. Evaluation of various extracted vegetable oils, roasted soybeans, mediumchain triglyceride and an animal-vegetable fat blend for postweaning swine. J Anim Sci 1990; 68:2756-65. https://doi.org/10.2527/1990.6892756x
  22. Odle J, Lin X, van Kempen TATG, Drackley JK, Adams SH. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase modulation of hepatic fatty acid metabolism and radio-HPLC evidence for low ketogenesis in neonatal pigs. J Nutr 1995;125:2541-9.
  23. Weng RC, Edwards SA, Hsia LC. Effect of nursing frequency and creep feed provision on the milk and feed intake and performance of zero day weaned piglets reared on a dummy sow. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2009;22:1540-6. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2009.80250

Cited by

  1. Effect of different sources and inclusion levels of dietary fat on productive performance and egg quality in laying hens raised under hot environmental conditions vol.32, pp.9, 2017, https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.19.0063
  2. Efficacy of medium-chain fatty acid salts distilled from coconut oil against two enteric pathogen challenges in weanling piglets vol.10, pp.1, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-019-0393-y
  3. Using Nutritional Strategies to Shape the Gastro-Intestinal Tracts of Suckling and Weaned Piglets vol.11, pp.2, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11020402
  4. The Role of Dietary and Microbial Fatty Acids in the Control of Inflammation in Neonatal Piglets vol.11, pp.10, 2021, https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11102781