Wind and Structures

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Non-stationary and non-Gaussian characteristics of wind speeds

  • Hui, Yi (Wind Engineering Research Center, College of civil engineering, Hunan University) ;
  • Li, Bo (Beijing's Key Laboratory of Structural Wind Engineering and Urban Wind Environment, School of civil engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University) ;
  • Kawai, Hiromasa (School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Denki University) ;
  • Yang, Qingshan (Beijing's Key Laboratory of Structural Wind Engineering and Urban Wind Environment, School of civil engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University)
  • Received : 2016.03.01
  • Accepted : 2016.11.21
  • Published : 2017.01.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Non-stationarity and non-Gaussian property are two of the most important characteristics of wind. These two features are studied in this study based on wind speed records measured at different heights from a 325 m high meteorological tower during the synoptic wind storms. By using the time-frequency analysis tools, it is found that after removing the low frequency trend of the longitudinal wind, the retained fluctuating wind speeds remain to be asymmetrically non-Gaussian distributed. Results show that such non-Gaussianity is due to the weak-stationarity of the detrended fluctuating wind speed. The low frequency components of the fluctuating wind speeds mainly contribute to the non-zero skewness, while distribution of the high frequency component is found to have high kurtosis values. By further studying the decomposed wind speed, the mechanisms of the non-Gaussian distribution are examined from the phase, turbulence energy point of view.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : National Natural Science Foundation of China

References

  1. Architectural Institute of Japan (2004), Chapter 6: Wind Loads, Recommendations for Loads on Buildings.
  2. Balderrama, J.A., Masters, F.J. and Gurley, K.R. (2012), "Peak factor estimation in hurricane surface winds", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 102, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2011.12.003
  3. Chen, L. and Letchford, C.W. (2005), "Proper orthogonal decomposition of two vertical profiles of full-scale nonstationary downburst wind speeds", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 93, 187-216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2004.11.004
  4. Chui, C.K. (1992), An Introduction to Wavelets, Academic Press, INC.
  5. Daubechies, I. (1992), Ten Lectures on Wavelets, SIAM, Philadelphia, PA.
  6. Dubrulle, B. (1994), "Intermittency in fully developed turbulence: Log-poisson statistics and generalized scale covariance", Phys. Rev. Lett., 73(7), 959-962. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.73.959
  7. Farge, M. (1992), "Wavelet transforms and their applications to turbulence", Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech., 24(1), 395-458. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.24.010192.002143
  8. Gong, K. and Chen, X. (2014), "Influence of non-Gaussian wind characteristics on wind turbine extreme response", Eng. Struct., 59, 727-744. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2013.11.029
  9. Gurley, K.R. and Kareem, A. (1999), "Applications of wavelet transforms in earthquake, wind and ocean engineering", Eng. Struct., 21(2), 149-167. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(97)00139-9
  10. Hahn, S.L. (1996), Hilbert Transforms in Signal Processing, Artech House, Inc., Boston, London.
  11. Hamed, K.H. and Rao, A.R. (1998), "A modified Mann-Kendall trend test for auto correlated dat", J. Hydrol., 204, 182-196. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(97)00125-X
  12. Hayashi, T. (1994), "An analysis of wind velocity fluctuations in the atmospheric surface layer using an orthogonal wavelet transform", Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 70(3), 307-326. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00709124
  13. Hu, L., Xu, Y.L. and Huang, W.F. (2013), "Typhoon-induced non-stationary buffeting response of long-span bridges in complex terrain", Eng. Struct., 57, 406-415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2013.09.044
  14. Huang, M.F., Huang, S., Feng, H. and Lou, W. (2016), "Non-Gaussian time-dependent statistics of wind pressure processes on a roof structure", Wind Struct., 23(4), 275-300. https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2016.23.4.275
  15. Huang, N.E., Wu, Z., Long, S.R. and Amold, K.C. (2009), "On instantaneous frequency", Adv. Adapt. Data Anal., 1(2) 177-229. https://doi.org/10.1142/S1793536909000096
  16. Hui, M.C.H., Larsen, A. and Xiang, H.F. (2009), "Wind turbulence characteristics study at the Stonecutters Bridge site: Part I-Mean wind and turbulence intensities", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 97, 22-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2008.11.002
  17. Hui, M.C.H., Larsen, A. and Xiang, H.F. (2009), "Wind turbulence characteristics study at the Stonecutters Bridge site: Part II: Wind power spectra, integral length scales and coherences", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 97, 48-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2008.11.003
  18. Kareem, A. (2008), "Numerical simulation of wind effects: A probabilistic perspective", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 96, 1472-1497. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2008.02.048
  19. Kareem, A. and Kijewski, T. (2002), "Time-frequency analysis of wind effects on structures", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 90, 1435-1452. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6105(02)00263-5
  20. Kawai. H. (2009), "Importance of phase characteristics to pressure fluctuation", Proceedings of the 7th Asia-Pacific Conf. on Wind Eng. (APCWE VII), Taipei, Taiwan.
  21. Kitagawa, T. and Nomura, T. (2003), "A wavelet-based method to generate artificial wind fluctuation data", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 91, 943-964. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6105(03)00037-0
  22. Li, Q.S., Xiao, Y.Q. and Wong, C.K. (2005), "Full-scale monitoring of typhoon effects on super tall buildings", J. Fluid. Struct., 20, 697=717. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2005.04.003
  23. Li, Q.S., Zhi, L.H. and Hu, F. (2010), "Boundary layer wind structure from observations on a 325 m tower", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 98, 818-832. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2010.08.001
  24. McCullough, M., Kwon, D.K., Kareem, A. and Wang, L. (2014), "Efficacy of averaging interval for nonstationary winds", J. Eng. Mech. - ASCE, 140(1), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EM.1943-7889.0000641
  25. National Research Council (2005), National building code of Canada, Ottawa.
  26. Olhede, S. and Walden, A.T. (2004), "The Hilbert spectrum via wavelet projections", P. R. Soc. London A., 460, 955-975. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2003.1199
  27. She, Z. and Leveque, E. (1994), "Universal scaling laws in fully developed turbulence", Phys. Rev. Lett., 72, 336-339. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.72.336
  28. Su, Y. and Huang, G. and Xu. Y.L. (2015), "Derivation of time-varying mean for non-stationary downburst winds", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 141, 39-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2015.02.008
  29. Tao, T., Wang H. and Li, A. (2016), "Stationary and nonstationary analysis on the wind characteristics of a tropical storm", Smart Struct Syst., 17(6), 1067-1085 https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2016.17.6.1067
  30. Toriumi, R., Katsuchi, H. and Furuya, N. (2000), "A study on spatial correlation of natural wind", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 87, 203-216. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6105(00)00037-4
  31. Wang, L., McCullough, M. and Kareem, A. (2013), "Data-driven approach for simulation of full-scale downburst wind speeds", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 123, 171-190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2013.08.010
  32. Xu, Y.L. and Chen, J. (2004), "Characterizing nonstationary wind speed using empirical mode decomposition", J. Struct. Eng. - ASCE, 130, 921-920. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2004)130:6(921)
  33. Yamada, M. and Ohkitani, K. (1991), "Orthonormal wavelet analysis of turbulence", Fluid Dyn. Res., 8, 101-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-5983(91)90034-G
  34. Yi, J., Zhang, J.W. and Li, Q.S. (2013), "Dynamic characteristics and wind-induced responses of a super-tall building during typhoons", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 121, 116-130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2013.08.006

Cited by

  1. Analysis of interference effects on torsional moment between two high-rise buildings based on pressure and flow field measurement vol.164, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2017.02.008
  2. A probability-based analysis of wind speed distribution and related structural response in southeast China pp.1744-8980, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1080/15732479.2018.1485710
  3. Field measurements of typhoon effects on a transmission tower and its modal parameter identification vol.23, pp.8, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1177/1369433219898103
  4. Influence of non-Gaussian characteristics of wind load on fatigue damage of wind turbine vol.31, pp.3, 2020, https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2020.31.3.217
  5. Comparative analysis of the wind characteristics of three landfall typhoons based on stationary and nonstationary wind models vol.31, pp.3, 2017, https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2020.31.3.269
  6. Optimization of Damage Equivalent Accelerated Test Spectrum Derivation Using Multiple Non-Gaussian Vibration Data vol.2021, pp.None, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/3668726
  7. Comparisons of design wind pressures on roof-mounted solar arrays between wind tunnel tests and codes and standards vol.24, pp.4, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1177/1369433220965274
  8. A Refined Study of Atmospheric Wind Properties in the Beijing Urban Area Based on a 325 m Meteorological Tower vol.12, pp.6, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12060786
  9. Fast simulation of large-scale non-stationary wind velocities based on adaptive interpolation reconstruction scheme vol.33, pp.1, 2017, https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2021.33.1.055
  10. Non-Gaussian Turbulence Induced Buffeting Responses of Long-Span Bridges vol.26, pp.8, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)be.1943-5592.0001747