The Korean Journal of Pain

The Korean Pain Society (대한통증학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Prevalence and trends of pain associated with chronic diseases and personal out-of-pocket medical expenditures in Korea

  • Received : 2017.02.06
  • Accepted : 2017.03.20
  • Published : 2017.04.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Background: There have been few studies about pain using a big data. The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of pain, and trends of pain associated with chronic diseases and personal out-of-pocket medical expenditures over time. Methods: Subjects were 58,151 individuals, using the Korea Health Panel from 2009 to 2013. Chi-square and multinomial logistic regression were conducted to identify the prevalence and odds ratios (ORs) of pain. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to find the trend over these 5 years. Results: Prevalence of mild and severe pain was 28.1% and 1.7% respectively. The ORs of mild and severe pain were 1.6 and 1.4 in females compared with males. From 2009 to 2013, numbers of chronic diseases producing mild pain were 2.1, 2.4, 2.8, 2.9, and 3.1 and those producing severe pain were 3.0, 3.4, 3.9, 4.2, and 4.4, respectively. After applying the average South Korean inflation rate by year over 5 years, the annual, personal out-of-pocket medical expenditures (unit: ￦1,000) for mild pain were 322, 349, 379, 420, and 461, and those for severe pain were 331, 399, 504, 546, and 569, respectively (P < 0.0001). Conclusions: The pain prevalence was 29.8%. The numbers of chronic diseases and the personal out-of-pocket medical expenditures revealed increasing trends annually, especially in those with pain. Therefore, to eliminate and alleviate the pain, there needs to be further study for developing a systemic approach.

Keywords

References

  1. Merskey H, Bogduk N; International Association for the Study of Pain. Task Force on Taxonomy. Classification of chronic pain: descriptions of chronic pain syndromes and definitions of pain terms. 2nd ed. Seattle (WA), IASP Press. 1994, pp 1-150.
  2. Breivik H, Collett B, Ventafridda V, Cohen R, Gallacher D. Survey of chronic pain in Europe: prevalence, impact on daily life, and treatment. Eur J Pain 2006; 10: 287-333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpain.2005.06.009
  3. Breivik H, Eisenberg E, O'Brien T; OPENMinds. The individual and societal burden of chronic pain in Europe: the case for strategic prioritisation and action to improve knowledge and availability of appropriate care. BMC Public Health 2013; 13: 1229. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-1229
  4. International Association for the Study of Pain (US). Global year against pain [Internet]. Washington, D.C.: IASP; 2017 [cited 2017 Jan 26]. Available at: http://www.iasp-pain.org/Education/Content.aspx?ItemNumber = 1698&&navItemNumber= 576#Pain.
  5. Bostrom M. Summary of the Mayday Fund Survey: public attitudes about pain and analgesics. J Pain Symptom Manage 1997; 13: 166-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0885-3924(96)00273-4
  6. Portenoy RK, Ugarte C, Fuller I, Haas G. Population-based survey of pain in the United States: differences among white, African American, and Hispanic subjects. J Pain 2004; 5: 317-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2004.05.005
  7. Castro-Lopes J. Impact of chronic pain on primary care across Europe. J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother 2014; 28: 158-9. https://doi.org/10.3109/15360288.2014.911794
  8. Gardiner P, Wornham W. Recent review of complementary and alternative medicine used by adolescents. Curr Opin Pediatr 2000; 12: 298-302. https://doi.org/10.1097/00008480-200008000-00002
  9. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. OECD health statistics 2014: how does Korea compare? [Internet]. Paris: OECD; 2017 [cited 2017 Jan 26]. Available at: http://www.oecd.org/els/health-systems/Briefing-Note-KOREA-2014.pdf.
  10. Chung JW, Yang JC, Wong TK. The significance of pain among Chinese patients with cancer in Hong Kong. Acta Anaesthesiol Sin 1999; 37: 9-14.
  11. Leem JG. Big data and pain. Korean J Pain 2016; 29: 215-6. https://doi.org/10.3344/kjp.2016.29.4.215
  12. Johannes CB, Le TK, Zhou X, Johnston JA, Dworkin RH. The prevalence of chronic pain in United States adults: results of an Internet-based survey. J Pain 2010; 11: 1230-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2010.07.002
  13. Zarei S, Bigizadeh S, Pourahmadi M, Ghobadifar MA. Chronic pain and its determinants: a population-based study in Southern Iran. Korean J Pain 2012; 25: 245-53. https://doi.org/10.3344/kjp.2012.25.4.245
  14. Catala E, Reig E, Artes M, Aliaga L, Lopez JS, Segu JL. Prevalence of pain in the Spanish population: telephone survey in 5000 homes. Eur J Pain 2002; 6: 133-40. https://doi.org/10.1053/eujp.2001.0310
  15. Caumo W, Schmidt AP, Schneider CN, Bergmann J, Iwamoto CW, Adamatti LC, et al. Preoperative predictors of moderate to intense acute postoperative pain in patients undergoing abdominal surgery. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2002; 46: 1265-71. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-6576.2002.461015.x
  16. Katz J, Poleshuck EL, Andrus CH, Hogan LA, Jung BF, Kulick DI, et al. Risk factors for acute pain and its persistence following breast cancer surgery. Pain 2005; 119: 16-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2005.09.008
  17. Wise EA, Price DD, Myers CD, Heft MW, Robinson ME. Gender role expectations of pain: relationship to experimental pain perception. Pain 2002; 96: 335-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3959(01)00473-0
  18. Robinson ME, Riley JL 3rd, Myers CD, Papas RK, Wise EA, Waxenberg LB, et al. Gender role expectations of pain: relationship to sex differences in pain. J Pain 2001; 2: 251-7. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-4637.2001.01039-27.x
  19. Ng KF, Tsui SL, Chan WS. Prevalence of common chronic pain in Hong Kong adults. Clin J Pain 2002; 18: 275-81. https://doi.org/10.1097/00002508-200209000-00001
  20. Dunn KS. Testing a middle-range theoretical model of adaptation to chronic pain. Nurs Sci Q 2005; 18: 146-56. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894318405274827
  21. James FR, Large RG, Bushnell JA, Wells JE. Epidemiology of pain in New Zealand. Pain 1991; 44: 279-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3959(91)90097-H
  22. Jung BF, Johnson RW, Griffin DR, Dworkin RH. Risk factors for postherpetic neuralgia in patients with herpes zoster. Neurology 2004; 62: 1545-51. https://doi.org/10.1212/01.WNL.0000123261.00004.29
  23. Kahng SK. An exploratory study on generation differences in life satisfaction and related factors: generational comparisons using the Korean welfare panel study. Korean J Soc Welf Stud 2012; 43: 91-119. https://doi.org/10.16999/kasws.2012.43.4.91
  24. Peng LH, Jing JY, Qin PP, Su M. A multi-centered cross-sectional study of disease burden of pain of inpatients in Southwest China. Chin Med J (Engl) 2016; 129: 936-41. https://doi.org/10.4103/0366-6999.179788
  25. Kehlet H, Jensen TS, Woolf CJ. Persistent postsurgical pain: risk factors and prevention. Lancet 2006; 367: 1618-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68700-X
  26. Fecho K, Miller NR, Merritt SA, Klauber-Demore N, Hultman CS, Blau WS. Acute and persistent postoperative pain after breast surgery. Pain Med 2009; 10: 708-15. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-4637.2009.00611.x
  27. Gaskin DJ, Richard P. The economic costs of pain in the United States. J Pain 2012; 13: 715-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2012.03.009
  28. French P, Flora LF, Ping LS, Bo LK, Rita WH. The prevalence and cause of occupational back pain in Hong Kong registered nurses. J Adv Nurs 1997; 26: 380-8. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.1997.1997026380.x

Cited by

  1. State of education regarding ultrasound-guided interventions during pain fellowships in Korea: a survey of recent fellows vol.30, pp.4, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3344/kjp.2017.30.4.287
  2. The prevalence of chronic pain and its associated factors among Saudi Al-Kharj population; a cross sectional study vol.20, pp.None, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-019-2555-7
  3. Comparison of Photobiomodulation Therapy Types for Adults with Chronic Pain vol.9, pp.3, 2017, https://doi.org/10.15268/ksim.2021.9.3.185