The Korean Journal of Pain

The Korean Pain Society (대한통증학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The relationship between the development of musculoskeletal disorders, body mass index, and academic stress in Bahraini University students

  • Tantawy, Sayed A (Centre of Radiation, Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Cairo University) ;
  • Rahman, Asma Abdul (Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medical & Health Sciences, Ahlia University) ;
  • Ameer, Maryam Abdul (Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medical & Health Sciences, Ahlia University)
  • Received : 2017.01.06
  • Accepted : 2017.03.07
  • Published : 2017.04.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Background: There are many mechanisms in which stress can lead to weight gain thus high a BMI. The endocrine and inflammatory pathway can directly increase abdominal adiposity. Another way in which stress leads to weight gain is through changes in health behaviors. The study aimed to investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among healthy students of Ahlia University, and to determine the relationship between the development of MSDs and academic stressors and body mass index. Methods: Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to 94 students aged 18-26 years who were enrolled at various Ahlia University colleges and met other inclusion criteria. The students responded to the standardized Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire and the modified College Student Stress Inventory regarding musculoskeletal symptoms and academic stressors. Height and weight measurements were also obtained to determine body mass index. Results: A total of 77.66% reported MSDs in one or more body part, with the prevalence being higher among women than among men. The 7-day prevalence of MSDs severe enough to interfere with activities of daily living was 60.64%, and 44.68% by female and male students, respectively. There was a significant relationship between academic stress and MSDs in the neck, shoulders, lower back, and hips, while the relationship between MSDs, and body mass index, academic stress, and grade point average was not significant. Conclusions: The prevalence of MSDs among Ahlia University students was found to be high. Apart from the positive correlation between academic stress and MSDs in certain body parts, other correlations were not significant.

Keywords

References

  1. Bernard BP, editor. Musculoskeletal disorders and workplace factors: a critical review of epidemiologic evidence for work-related musculoskeletal disorders of the neck, upper extremity, and low back. Washington, D.C., U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 1997, pp 97-141.
  2. Woolf AD, Akesson K. Understanding the burden of musculoskeletal conditions. The burden is huge and not reflected in national health priorities. BMJ 2001; 322: 1079-80. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.322.7294.1079
  3. Picavet HS, Schouten JS. Musculoskeletal pain in the Netherlands: prevalences, consequences and risk groups, the DMC(3)-study. Pain 2003; 102: 167-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3959(02)00372-x
  4. Guo HR, Chang YC, Yeh WY, Chen CW, Guo YL. Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorder among workers in Taiwan: a nationwide study. J Occup Health 2004; 46: 26-36. https://doi.org/10.1539/joh.46.26
  5. Deeney C, O'Sullivan L. Work related psychosocial risks and musculoskeletal disorders: potential risk factors, causation and evaluation methods. Work 2009; 34: 239-48.
  6. Abledu JK, Offei EB. Musculoskeletal disorders among firstyear Ghanaian students in a nursing college. Afr Health Sci 2015; 15: 444-9. https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v15i2.18
  7. Walker-Bone K, Cooper C. Hard work never hurt anyone: or did it? A review of occupational associations with soft tissue musculoskeletal disorders of the neck and upper limb. Ann Rheum Dis 2005; 64: 1391-6. https://doi.org/10.1136/ard.2003.020016
  8. Warren N. Causes of musculoskeletal disorders in dental hygienists and dental hygiene students: a study of combined biomechanical and psychosocial risk factors. Work 2010; 35: 441-54.
  9. Magnavita N, Elovainio M, De Nardis I, Heponiemi T, Bergamaschi A. Environmental discomfort and musculoskeletal disorders. Occup Med (Lond) 2011; 61: 196-201. https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqr024
  10. Nahit ES, Hunt IM, Lunt M, Dunn G, Silman AJ, Macfarlane GJ. Effects of psychosocial and individual psychological factors on the onset of musculoskeletal pain: common and site-specific effects. Ann Rheum Dis 2003; 62: 755-60. https://doi.org/10.1136/ard.62.8.755
  11. Ross SE, Niebling BC, Heckert TM, Teresa MH. Sources of stress among college students. Coll Stud J 1999; 33: 312-7.
  12. Ekpenyong CE, Davis KJ, Akpan UP, Daniel NE. Academic stress and menstrual disorders among female undergraduates in Uyo, South Eastern Nigeria - the need for health education. Niger J Physiol Sci 2011; 26: 193-8.
  13. Westerman GH, Grandy TG, Ocanto RA, Erskine CG. Perceived sources of stress in the dental school environment. J Dent Educ 1993; 57: 225-31.
  14. Salami SO. Psychological correlates of career indecision among secondary school adolescents. Niger J Appl Psychol 2001; 6: 116-25.
  15. Blonna R. Coping with stress in a changing world. 3rd ed. Boston (MA), McGraw Hill. 2005, pp 254-68.
  16. Wurtman RJ, Wurtman JJ. Carbohydrates and depression. Sci Am 1989; 260: 68-75. https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0189-68
  17. Yang TC, Matthews SA, Chen VY. Stochastic variability in stress, sleep duration, and sleep quality across the distribution of body mass index: insights from quantile regression. Int J Behav Med 2014; 21: 282-91. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12529-013-9293-2
  18. Viester L, Verhagen EA, Oude Hengel KM, Koppes LL, van der Beek AJ, Bongers PM. The relation between body mass index and musculoskeletal symptoms in the working population. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2013; 14: 238. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2474-14-238
  19. Dallman MF, Pecoraro N, Akana SF, La Fleur SE, Gomez F, Houshyar H, et al. Chronic stress and obesity: a new view of "comfort food". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003; 100: 11696-701. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1934666100
  20. Harding JL, Backholer K, Williams ED, Peeters A, Cameron AJ, Hare MJ, et al. Psychosocial stress is positively associated with body mass index gain over 5 years: evidence from the longitudinal AusDiab study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2014; 22: 277-86. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.20423
  21. Kuorinka I, Jonsson B, Kilbom A, Vinterberg H, Biering-Sorensen F, Andersson G, et al. Standardised Nordic questionnaires for the analysis of musculoskeletal symptoms. Appl Ergon 1987; 18: 233-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-6870(87)90010-X
  22. Gadzella BM, Baloglu M. Confirmatory factor analysis and internal consistency of the student-life stress inventory. J Instr Psychol 2001; 28: 84.
  23. Brown AL, Blankson N. Developing the college student stress inventory for black women (CSSI-BW). Pap Pub 2013; 2: Article 5.
  24. Hayes MJ, Smith DR, Cockrell D. Prevalence and correlates of musculoskeletal disorders among Australian dental hygiene students. Int J Dent Hyg 2009; 7: 176-81. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5037.2009.00370.x
  25. Smith DR, Wei N, Ishitake T, Wang RS. Musculoskeletal disorders among Chinese medical students. Kurume Med J 2005; 52: 139-46. https://doi.org/10.2739/kurumemedj.52.139
  26. Ekpenyong CE, Daniel NE, Aribo EO. Associations between academic stressors, reaction to stress, coping strategies and musculoskeletal disorders among college students. Ethiop J Health Sci 2013; 23: 98-112.
  27. Khan SA, Chew KY. Effect of working characteristics and taught ergonomics on the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders amongst dental students. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2013; 14: 118. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2474-14-118
  28. Kortt M, Baldry J. The association between musculoskeletal disorders and obesity. Aust Health Rev 2002; 25: 207-14. https://doi.org/10.1071/AH020207
  29. Sani M, Mahfouz MS, Bani I, Alsomily AH, Alagi D, Alsomily NY, et al. Prevalence of stress among medical students in Jizan University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Gulf Med J 2012; 1: 19-25.
  30. Sjogaard G, Lundberg U, Kadefors R. The role of muscle activity and mental load in the development of pain and degenerative processes at the muscle cell level during computer work. Eur J Appl Physiol 2000; 83: 99-105. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004210000285
  31. Westgaard RH, Jensen C, Hansen K. Individual and work-related risk factors associated with symptoms of musculoskeletal complaints. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 1993; 64: 405-13. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00517946
  32. Mohd Saat NZ, Ishak I, Lubis SH, Wen SH, Mohd SN, Zakaria NS, et al. Stress and its relationship with body mass index among biomedical science students in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. ASEAN J Psychiatr 2010; 11: 190-7.
  33. Inam QU, Shireen E, Haider S, Haleem DJ. Perception of academic examination stress: effects on serum leptin, cortisol, appetite and performance. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 2011; 23: 97-9.
  34. Akgun S, Ciarrochi J. Learned resourcefulness moderates the relationship between academic stress and academic performance. Educ Psychol 2003; 23: 287-94. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144341032000060129

Cited by

  1. Adaptation and validation of body maps for musculoskeletal pain location in patients with severe obesity vol.31, pp.4, 2018, https://doi.org/10.3344/kjp.2018.31.4.268
  2. Musculoskeletal disorders and associated risk factors in coaching students: A cross-sectional study vol.8, pp.3, 2019, https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_54_19
  3. Analysis of Selected Body Composition Parameters and Ergonomic Safety among Professionally Active Nurses in Poland: A Preliminary Prospective Monocentric and Observational Study vol.2020, pp.None, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/9212587
  4. Exploring the factors affecting musculoskeletal disorders risk among hospital nurses vol.15, pp.4, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231319
  5. Investigation of the change of lockdowns applied due to COVID-19 pandemic on musculoskeletal discomfort vol.17, pp.4, 2020, https://doi.org/10.14687/jhs.v17i4.6060
  6. How to keep your staff healthy in the educational sector? vol.343, pp.None, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202134310015
  7. Prevalence and Factors Associated with Musculoskeletal Pain among Secondary School Students vol.5, pp.2, 2017, https://doi.org/10.21601/aquademia/10964