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The Effects of High Air Temperature and Waterlogging on the Growth and Physiological Responses of Hot Pepper

고온 및 침수에 의한 고추의 생육 및 생리적 반응에 미치는 영향

  • Lee, Hee Ju (Vegetable Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science) ;
  • Park, Sung Tae (Vegetable Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science) ;
  • Kim, Sung Kyeom (Vegetable Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science) ;
  • Choi, Chang Sun (Vegetable Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science) ;
  • Lee, Sang Gyu (Vegetable Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science)
  • 이희주 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 채소과) ;
  • 박성태 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 채소과) ;
  • 김성겸 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 채소과) ;
  • 최장선 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 채소과) ;
  • 이상규 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 채소과)
  • Received : 2016.05.24
  • Accepted : 2016.09.29
  • Published : 2017.02.28

Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of waterlogging on the net photosynthetic rate, root activity and fruit yield of hot pepper. Plants were grown in two greenhouses: extractor fans and side ventilators began to operate when the inside temperature reached $25^{\circ}C$ in one greenhouse and $35^{\circ}C$ in the other. Waterlogging treatments were performed 54 days after transplanting (when fruit setting at the second flower truss was complete). The plot in each greenhouse was divided into five sections, and each section was watered for 0, 12, 24, 48 or 72 h using drip irrigation. Plants under $25^{\circ}C$ and non - waterlogging treatment exhibited in the greatest growth among treatments. Plant growth generally decreased as the waterlogging period increased. The net photosynthetic rate was highest under non - waterlogging and $25^{\circ}C$ treatment and lowest under 72 h waterlogging and $25^{\circ}C$ treatment. The root activity decreased as the waterlogging period increased, except for plants under 72 h waterlogging treatment at $35^{\circ}C$. The number and weight of red pepper fruits per plant were highest under non - waterlogging treatment at $35^{\circ}C$. The greatest fruit yield was also observed under non - waterlogging treatment at $35^{\circ}C$, with production reaching 3,697 kg / 10a. At the appropriate temperature for hot pepper ($25^{\circ}C$), yields were reduced by 25 - 30% under 12, 24 and 48 h waterlogging treatment compared to non - waterlogging treatment. These results indicate that longer waterlogging periods reduce the growth, net photosynthetic rate, root activity and yields of hot pepper. However, the net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance of hot pepper plants grown under 72 h waterlogging treatment recovered nine days after growth under normal growth conditions.

고온기 고추재배시 고온과 침수에 따른 피해를 구명하고자 시험을 실시하였다. 온도처리는 비가림하우스 1동은 적온구, 다른 1동은 고온구로 하여 적온구는 하우스내 온도가 $25^{\circ}C$가 되면 자동으로 환기팬 및 측장이 열려서 환기가 되도록 하였고, 고온구는 $35^{\circ}C$가 되면 자동으로 환기팬 및 측창이 열리도록 설정하였다. 침수처리는 정식후 54일(정식후 2화방 착과가 완료된 시점)에 하우스를 5등분하여 무침수(0시간) 처리구와 침수(12, 24, 48 및 72시간) 처리구를 두었고, 점적호스를 이용하여 계속적으로 관수를 하였다. 그 결과 생육특성은 $25^{\circ}C$ 무침수 처리구가 다른 처리구보다 좋은 경향을 보였다. 광합성속도는 $25^{\circ}C$ 무침수 처리구가 $19.6{\mu}mol\;CO_2{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$로 처리구중에서 가장 좋았으며 $25^{\circ}C$ 72시간 침수처리구가 $16.5{\mu}mol\;CO_2{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$로 가장 낮았다. 근활력은 $25^{\circ}C$ 24시간 침수처리구와 $35^{\circ}C$ 72시간 침수처리구가 0.042로 처리구중에서 가장 높았으며 $25^{\circ}C$ 12시간 침수처리구가 0.02로, $25^{\circ}C$ 무침수처리구의 0.032에 비해서 63% 수준으로 가장 낮았다. 주당 적과의 수확과수 및 수량 역시 고온구인 $35^{\circ}C$ 무침수 처리구가 162개/주, 1,662g/주로 처리구중에서 가장 많았고, 적온구인 $25^{\circ}C$의 12, 24 및 48시간 침수처리구가 적었다. 수량은 고온인 $35^{\circ}C$ 무침수 처리구가 수확과수가 많아서 3,697kg/10a 로 처리구중에서 가장 높았으며 적온구인 $25^{\circ}C$ 12시간, 24시간 및 48시간 처리구가 $25^{\circ}C$ 무침수처리구 대비 수량지수가 75‚70% 수준으로 낮았다. 따라서 고추는 침수시간이 길어질수록 생육, 광합성률, 근활력 및 수량을 감소시키며, 72시간 침수된 고추포장은 물을 빼주고 정상적인 환경관리를 9일정도 해주면 광합성과 기공전도도가 정상으로 회복되는 것으로 나타났다.

Keywords

References

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