Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science (대한물리치료과학회지)

Korean Physical Therapy Science (대한물리치료과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The Effects of Virtual Reality Based Treadmill Training on the Muscle Architecture of Gastrocnemius in Chronic Stroke Patients : Randomized Controlled Trial

  • Cho, KiHun (Dept. of Physical Therapy, Uiduk University)
  • Received : 2017.10.17
  • Accepted : 2017.12.01
  • Published : 2017.12.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of virtual reality based treadmill training on muscle architecture of gastrocnemius in chronic stroke patients. Methods: Thirty chronic stroke patients were randomly assigned to either the virtual reality based treadmill training (VRTT) group (n=15) or treadmill training (TT) group (n=15). Both groups participated in a standard rehabilitation program; in addition, the VRTT group participated in virtual reality based treadmill training for 30 minutes per day, three times per week, for 6 weeks, and TT group participated in treadmill walking training for 30 minutes per day, three times per week, for 6 weeks. Ultrasound image was used for measurement of pennation angle and muscle thickness of the medial gastrocnemius muscle at rest and during maximum voluntary contraction. Results: In the paretic side medial gastrocnemius muscle, greater improvement on the pennation angle and muscle thickness while resting and maximal voluntary contraction were observed in the VRTT group compared with the TT group. Conclusion: Findings of this study demonstrated that the virtual reality based treadmill training has an effect on muscle architecture of medial gastrocnemius in chronic stroke patients.

Keywords

References

  1. Alexander, R. M. (2002). Tendon elasticity and muscle function. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol, 133(4), 1001-1011. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1095-6433(02)00143-5
  2. Bourbonnais, D., Vanden Noven, S., Carey, K. M., & Rymer, W. Z. (1989). Abnormal spatial patterns of elbow muscle activation in hemiparetic human subjects. Brain, 112 ( Pt 1), 85-102. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/112.1.85
  3. Carvalho, C., Sunnerhagen, K. S., & Willen, C. (2010). Walking speed and distance in different environments of subjects in the later stage post-stroke. Physiother Theory Pract, 26(8), 519-527. https://doi.org/10.3109/09593980903585042
  4. Cho, K. H., Lee, H. J., & Lee, W. H. (2014). Reliability of rehabilitative ultrasound imaging for the medial gastrocnemius muscle in poststroke patients. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging, 34(1), 26-31. https://doi.org/10.1111/cpf.12060
  5. Dean, C. M., Richards, C. L., & Malouin, F. (2000). Task-related circuit training improves performance of locomotor tasks in chronic stroke: a randomized, controlled pilot trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 81(4), 409-417. https://doi.org/10.1053/mr.2000.3839
  6. Fung, J., Richards, C. L., Malouin, F., McFadyen, B. J., & Lamontagne, A. (2006). A treadmill and motion coupled virtual reality system for gait training post-stroke. Cyberpsychol Behav, 9(2), 157-162. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2006.9.157
  7. Jongbloed, L. (1986). Prediction of function after stroke: a critical review. Stroke, 17(4), 765-776. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.17.4.765
  8. Kirker, S. G., Jenner, J. R., Simpson, D. S., & Wing, A. M. (2000). Changing patterns of postural hip muscle activity during recovery from stroke. Clin Rehabil, 14(6), 618-626. https://doi.org/10.1191/0269215500cr370oa
  9. Kottink, A. I., Oostendorp, L. J., Buurke, J. H., Nene, A. V., Hermens, H. J., & MJ, I. J. (2004). The orthotic effect of functional electrical stimulation on the improvement of walking in stroke patients with a dropped foot: a systematic review. Artif Organs, 28(6), 577-586. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1594.2004.07310.x
  10. Langhorne, P., Coupar, F., & Pollock, A. (2009). Motor recovery after stroke: a systematic review. The Lancet Neurology, 8(8), 741-754. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(09)70150-4
  11. Laver, K., George, S., Thomas, S., Deutsch, J., & Crotty, M. (2012). Cochrane review: virtual reality for stroke rehabilitation. European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine, 48(3), 523-530.
  12. Laver, K., George, S., Thomas, S., Deutsch, J. E., & Crotty, M. (2012). Virtual reality for stroke rehabilitation. Stroke, 43(2), e20-e21. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.642439
  13. Legerlotz, K., Smith, H. K., & Hing, W. A. (2010). Variation and reliability of ultrasonographic quantification of the architecture of the medial gastrocnemius muscle in young children. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging, 30(3), 198-205. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-097X.2010.00925.x
  14. Lieber, R. L., & Friden, J. (2000). Functional and clinical significance of skeletal muscle architecture. Muscle and nerve, 23(11), 1647-1666. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-4598(200011)23:11<1647::AID-MUS1>3.0.CO;2-M
  15. Lieber, R. L., Steinman, S., Barash, I. A., & Chambers, H. (2004). Structural and functional changes in spastic skeletal muscle. Muscle & nerve, 29(5), 615-627. https://doi.org/10.1002/mus.20059
  16. Manning, C., & Pomeroy, V. (2003). Effectiveness of treadmill retraining on gait of hemiparetic stroke patients: systematic review of current evidence. Physiotherapy, 89(6), 337-349. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9406(05)60026-0
  17. Mcnee, A. E., Gough, M., Morrissey, M. C., & Shortland, A. P. (2009). Increases in muscle volume after plantarflexor strength training in children with spastic cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 51(6), 429-435. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.2008.03230.x
  18. Mehrholz, J., & Pohl, M. (2012). Electromechanical-assisted gait training after stroke: a systematic review comparing end-effector and exoskeleton devices. Journal of rehabilitation medicine, 44(3), 193-199. https://doi.org/10.2340/16501977-0943
  19. Milot, M.-H., Nadeau, S., Gravel, D., & Bourbonnais, D. (2008). Effect of increases in plantarflexor and hip flexor muscle strength on the levels of effort during gait in individuals with hemiparesis. Clinical Biomechanics, 23(4), 415-423. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2007.11.003
  20. Narici, M. V., Maganaris, C. N., Reeves, N. D., & Capodaglio, P. (2003). Effect of aging on human muscle architecture. Journal of applied physiology, 95(6), 2229-2234. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00433.2003
  21. Polese, J. C., Ada, L., Dean, C. M., Nascimento, L. R., & Teixeira-Salmela, L. F. (2013). Treadmill training is effective for ambulatory adults with stroke: a systematic review. Journal of physiotherapy, 59(2), 73-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1836-9553(13)70159-0
  22. Raj, I. S., Bird, S. R., & Shield, A. J. (2012). Reliability of ultrasonographic measurement of the architecture of the vastus lateralis and gastrocnemius medialis muscles in older adults. Clinical physiology and functional imaging, 32(1), 65-70. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-097X.2011.01056.x
  23. Yavuzer, G., Eser, F., Karakus, D., Karaoglan, B., & Stam, H. J. (2006). The effects of balance training on gait late after stroke: a randomized controlled trial. Clinical rehabilitation, 20(11), 960-969. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269215506070315