Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology (한국해양공학회지)

Korean Society of Ocean Engineers (한국해양공학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effects of Wave Action on Seawater Intrusion in Coastal Aquifer and Mitigation Strategies

파랑작용이 해안대수층의 해수침투에 미치는 영향 및 저감방안

  • Lee, Woo-Dong (Institute of Marine Industry, Gyeongsang National University) ;
  • Jeong, Yeong-Han (Department of Oceanographic Survey, Geosystem Research Corporation) ;
  • Hur, Dong-Soo (Department of Ocean Civil Engineering, Gyeongsang National University)
  • 이우동 (국립경상대학교 해양산업연구소) ;
  • 정영한 ((주)지오시스템리서치 해양조사부) ;
  • 허동수 (국립경상대학교 해양토목공학과)
  • Received : 2016.12.27
  • Accepted : 2017.02.16
  • Published : 2017.02.28
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study conducted numerical simulations using LES-WASS-3D ver. 2.0 to analyze the seawater intrusion characteristics of the incident waves in a coastal aquifer. LES-WASS-3D directly analyzed the nonlinear interaction between the seawater and freshwater in a coastal aquifer, as well as the wave-current interaction in the coastal area. First, the LES-WASS-3D results were compared with the existing experimental results for the mean water level under wave action in the coastal aquifer and seawater penetration into the coastal aquifer. The mean water level, shape and position of the seawater-freshwater interface, and intrusion distance were well implemented in the results. This confirmed the validity and effectiveness of LES-WASS-3D. The overall seawater penetration distance increases in the coastal aquifer as a result of wave set-up and run-up in the swash zone caused by continuous wave actions, and it increases with the wave height and period. Furthermore, a numerical verification was performed by comparing the suggested existing structure and newly suggested curtain wall as a measure against seawater penetration. An existing underground dam showed a better effect with increased height. Additionally, the suggested curtain wall had a better effect when the embedded depth was increased.

Keywords

References

  1. Ataie-Ashtiani, B., Volker, R.E., Lockington, D.A., 1999. Tidal Effects on Sea Water Intrusion in Unconfined Aquifers. Journal of Hydrology, 216, 17-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(98)00275-3
  2. Barlow, P.M., 2003. Groundwater in Freshwater-Saltwater Environments of the Atlantic Coast. U.S. Geological Survey, Circular 1262.
  3. Bear, J., Cheng, A.H.-D., Sorek, S., Ouazar, D., Herrera, I., 1999. Seawater Intrusion in Coastal Aquifers-Concepts, Methods, and Practices. Dordrecht, The Netherlands, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 625.
  4. Brackbill, J.U., Kothe, D.B., Zemach, C., 1992. A Continuum Model for Modeling Surface Tension. Journal of Computational Physics, 100, 335-354. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9991(92)90240-Y
  5. Bakhtyar, R., Barry, D.A., Brovelli, A., 2012. Numerical Experiments on Interactions between Wave Motion and Variable-Density Coastal Aquifers. Coastal Engineering, 60, 95-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coastaleng.2011.09.001
  6. Cartwright, N., Nielsen, P., Dunn, S., 2003. Water Table Waves in an Unconfined Aquifer: Experiments and Modeling. Water Resources Research, 39(12), 1330, doi:10.1029/2003WR002185.
  7. Ergun, S., 1952. Fluid Flow through Packed Columns. Chemical Engineering, 48(2), 89-94.
  8. Germano, M., Piomelli, U., Moin, P., Cabot, W.H., 1991. A Dynamic Subgrid-Scale Eddy Viscosity Model. Physics of Fluids, 3, 1760-1765. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.857955
  9. Gill, A.E., 1982. Atmosphere-Ocean Dynamics. New York, Academic Press.
  10. Glover, R.E., 1959. The Pattern of Fresh-Water Flow in a Coastal Aquifer. Journal of Geophysical Research, 64(4), 457-459. https://doi.org/10.1029/JZ064i004p00457
  11. Goswami R.R., Clement, T.P., 2007. Laboratory-Scale Investigation of Saltwater Intrusion Dynamics. Water Resources Research, 43, W04418, doi:10.1029/2006WR005151.
  12. Gregg, M.C., D'Asaro, E.A., Shay, T.J., Larson, N., 1986. Observations of Persistent Mixing and Near-Inertial Internal Waves. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 16, 856-885. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1986)016<0856:OOPMAN>2.0.CO;2
  13. Henry, H.R., 1959. Salt Water Intrusion into Fresh Water Aquifers. Journal of Geophysical Research, 64, 1911-1919. https://doi.org/10.1029/JZ064i011p01911
  14. Hong, S.H., Shi, L., Cui, L., Park, N.S., 2009. Artificial Injection to Control Saltwater Intrusion in Groundwater-Numerical Study on a Vertical Cross Section. The Journal of Engineering Geology, 19(2), 131-138.
  15. Hur, D.S., Lee, W.D., 2007. Three-Dimensional Flow Characteristics and Wave Height Distribution around Permeable Submerged Breakwaters; PART I-Without Beach. Journal of Korean Society of Civil Engineers, 27(6B), 689-701.
  16. Hur, D.S., Lee, W.D., Bae, K.S., 2008. On Reasonable Boundary Condition for Inclined Seabed/Structure in Case of the Numerical Model with Quadrilateral Mesh System. Journal of Korean Society of Civil Engineers, 28(5B), 591-594.
  17. Hur, D.S., Lee, W.D., Cho, W.C., 2012a. Three-Dimensional Flow Characteristics around Permeable Submerged Breakwaters with Open Inlet. Ocean Engineering, 44, 100-116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2012.01.029
  18. Hur, D.S., Lee, W.D., Cho, W.C., 2012b. Characteristics of Wave Run-up Height on a Sandy Beach behind Dual-Submerged Breakwaters. Ocean Engineering., 45, 38-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2012.01.030
  19. Hur, D.S., Lee, W.D., Cho, W.C., 2012c. Beach Stabilization by the Laying of a Drainage Layer. Science China Technological Sciences, 55, 2625-2639. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11431-012-4886-6
  20. Jazayeri Shoushtari, S.M.H., Cartwright, N., 2013. Propagation of Water Table Waves in Unconfined Aquifers. Coasts & Ports 2013 Conference.
  21. Jung, E.T., Lee, S.J., Lee, M.J., Park, N.S., 2014. Effectiveness of Double Negative Barriers for Mitigation of Seawater Intrusion in Coastal Aquifer: Sharp-Interface Modeling Investigation. Journal of Korea Water Resources Association, 47(11), 1087-1094. https://doi.org/10.3741/JKWRA.2014.47.11.1087
  22. Kim, J.Y., Oh, Y.K., Ryu, S.P., 2001. Study on the Salinization in Groundwater of the Eastern Area of Cheju Island. Journal of the Environmental Sciences, 10(1), 47-58.
  23. Kim, K.Y., Lee, C.W., Kim, Y.J., Kim, T.H., Woo, N.C., 2004. Water-Level Fluctuation due to Groundwater-Surface Water Interaction in Coastal Aquifers. Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment, 9(4), 32-41.
  24. Kim, S.S., 2009. The Variation of Seawater/Freshwater Interface with the Tide at the Coastal Aquifer of the Yongho Bay in Busan. Master's Thesis, Pukyong National University, Korea, 56.
  25. Kim. S.J., 2016. A Study on the Flow and Dispersion in the Coastal Unconfined Aquifer (Development and Application of a Numerical Model). Journal of Korea Water Resources Association, 49(1), 61-72. https://doi.org/10.3741/JKWRA.2016.49.1.61
  26. Konikow, L.F., Goode, D.J., Hornberger, G.Z., 1996. A ThreeDimensional Method-of-Characteristics Solute-Transport Model (MOC3D). U.S. Geological Survey, Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4267.
  27. Lee, W.D., Hur, D.S., 2014. Development of 3-D Hydrodynamical Model for Understanding Numerical Analysis of Density Current due to Salinity and Temperature and its Verification. Journal of the Korean Society of Civil Engineers, 34(3), 859-871. https://doi.org/10.12652/Ksce.2014.34.3.0859
  28. Lee. W.D., Jeong, Y.H., Hur, D.S., 2015. Numerical Simulation on Seawater Intrusion in Coastal Aquifer using N-S Solver based on Porous Body Model. Journal of Korea Water Resources Association, 48(12), 1023-1035. https://doi.org/10.3741/JKWRA.2015.48.12.1023
  29. Lee, K.H., Mizutani, N., Hur, D.S., Kamiay, A., 2007. The Effect of Groundwater on Topographic Changes in a Gravel Beach. Ocean Engineering, 34, 605-615. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2005.10.026
  30. Lilly, D.K., 1991. A Proposed Modification of the Germano Subgrid-Scale Closure Method. Physics of Fluids A: Fluid Dynamics, 4, 633-635.
  31. Liu, S., Masliyah, J.H., 1999. Non-Linear Flows Porous Media. Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics, 86, 229-252. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0257(98)00210-9
  32. Lu, C., Chen, Y., Zhang., Luo, Z., 2013. Steady-State Freshwater-Seawater Mixing Zone in Stratified Coastal Aquifers. Journal of Hydrology, 505, 24-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.09.017
  33. Mellor, G.L., Yamada, M., 1982. Development of a Turbulence Closure Model for Geophysical Fluid Problems. Reviews of Geophysics, 20, 851-875. https://doi.org/10.1029/RG020i004p00851
  34. Oh, Y.K., Kim, K.H., Ryu, S.P., 2000. Physicochemical Characteristics of Groundwater Salinization in the Eastern Area of Cheju island. Journal of the Environmental Sciences, 9(3), 253-259.
  35. Oude Essink, G.H.P., 2001. Salt Water Intrusion in a Three-Dimensional Groundwater System in the Netherlands: a Numerical Study. Transport in Porous Media, 43, 137-158. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010625913251
  36. Park, H.J., Kim, W.I., Ho, J.S., Ahn, W.S., 2009. Experimental Study to Parameterize Salt-Wedge Formations in Coastal Aquifer. Journal of Korea Water Resources Association, 42(11), 1005-1015. https://doi.org/10.3741/JKWRA.2009.42.11.1005
  37. Park, N.S., 1995. Quantitative Analysis for the Effects of Hydraulic Variables on the Formation of Freshwater-Saltwater Transition Zones in Aquifers. Magazine of Korea Water Resources Association, 28(2), 137-143.
  38. Peters, F., Gregg, M.C., Toole, J.M., 1988. On the Parameterization of Equatorial Turbulence. Journal of Geophysical Research, 93, 1199-1218. https://doi.org/10.1029/JC093iC02p01199
  39. Riley, J.P., Skirrow, G., 1965. Chemical Oceanography. 3, Academic Press.
  40. Sakakiyama, T., Kajima, R., 1992. Numerical Simulation of Nonlinear Wave Interacting with Permeable Breakwater. Proceedings of 23rd International Conference on Coastal Engineering, ASCE, 1531-1544.
  41. Sha, W.T., Schmitt, R.C., Lin, E.I.H., 1977. THI3D-1: A Computer Program for Steady-State Thermal-Hydraulic Multichannel Analysis. Argonne National Laboratory, ANL-77-15, 52.
  42. Shim, B.O., Chung, S.Y., 2003. Estimation of the Interface of Seawater Intrusion in a Coastal Aquifer System with SHARP Model. Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment, 8(1), 68-74.
  43. Shim, B.O., Lee, C.W., 2011. Hydrologic Characterization through Ground Water Monitoring in a Coastal Aquifer. Economic and Environmental Geology, 44(3), 239-246. https://doi.org/10.9719/EEG.2011.44.3.239
  44. Shin, I.H., Park, C.Y., Ahan, K.S., Jeong, Y.J., 2002. Hydrogeochemistry of Groundwaters at the Gogum Island Area in Jeonnam, Korea. Journal of the Korean Earth Science Society, 23(6), 474-485.
  45. Smagorinsky, J., 1963. General Circulation Experiments with the Primitive Equation. Monthly Weather Review, 91(3), 99-164. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1963)091<0099:GCEWTP>2.3.CO;2
  46. Strack, O.D.L., 1976. A Single Potential Solution for Regional Interface Problems in Coastal Aquifers. Water Resources Research, 12, 1165-1174. https://doi.org/10.1029/WR012i006p01165
  47. Suh, S.K., Oh, C.M., Kim, W.I., Ho, J.S., 2010. Experimental Study of Freshwater Discharge and Saltwater Intrusion Control in Coastal Aquifer. Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation, 10(5), 159-168.
  48. Werner, A.D., Simmons, C.T., 2009. Impact of Sea-Level Rise on Sea Water Intrusion in Coastal Aquifers. Ground Water, 47(2), 197-204. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2008.00535.x
  49. Wood, C., Harrington, G.A., 2015. Influence of Seasonal Variations in Sea Level on the Salinity Regime of a Coastal Groundwater-Fed Wetland. Ground Water, 53, 90-98. https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12168
  50. Yang, J.S., Kim, I.H., 2016. Development of Seawater Intrusion Vulnerability Index using AHP. Journal of the Korean Society of Civil Engineers, KSCE, 35(3), 557-565.