DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

추출 용매 및 효소 전처리 방법에 따른 포피란과 헤미셀루로오즈의 특성

Properties of Porphyran and Hemicellulose extracted with Different extract Solutions and Enzymatic Pretreatments from Porphyra

  • AN, Se-Ra (West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science) ;
  • KOO, Jae-Geun (Kunsan National University)
  • 투고 : 2016.11.08
  • 심사 : 2016.12.05
  • 발행 : 2017.02.28

초록

김은 우리의 주요한 식품 자원으로 단백질 함량과 탄수화물의 함량이 매우 높다. 김에는 다량의 단백질과 탄수화물이 존재한다. 특히 탄수화물에는 isofloridoside과 floridoside 등의 유리당 뿐 아니라 3,6-anhydro-L-galactose와 ester sulfate 등을 함유한 porphyran과 xylose, mannose로 이루어진 hemicellulose가 함유되어있다. 본 연구에서는 추출 방법에 따른 porphyran과 hemicellulose의 추출, 분리 조건을 검토하기 위해 열수, 묽은 산, 알칼리로 추출한 추출물의 특성을 조사하였다. 수율은 열수 추출이 가장 높았고, 총당 함량은 묽은 산 추출이, 단백질 함량은 알칼리 추출이 가장 높아 열수와 묽은 산 추출에 의해 수용성 다당인 포피란이 효율적으로 추출되었으며 묽은 산으로 추출시 단백질의 함량이 적었다. 알칼리 추출 조건에서는 포피란의 추출이 적었으나 단백질이 다량 동시에 추출되었고 mannan은 추출되나 xylan은 추출되지 않았다. 효소 가수분해(Protamex, Flavourzyme, Alcalase, Viscozyme) 후 열수 추출한 수용성 다당의 수율은 효소 처리 시료가 34.3-39.1%로 효소 처리하지 않은 대조구에 비해 증가하였고 Flavourzyme 가수분해가 단백질 제거에 가장 효과적이었다. 또한 효소 처리한 수용성 다당의 점도가 저하하였고 의가소성 유체 특성을 나타내었다. 효소 처리 후 열수 추출하고 남은 잔사를 알칼리 추출한 경우 mannan의 함량은 protease인 효소 처리 시료가 Viscozyme 처리한 시료에 비하여 높았다. 반면에 Viscozyme 처리 후 알칼리 추출한 경우는 xylose의 추출 함량이 증가하였다.

Laver, Porphyra, is distinctive for its high content of proteins and polysaccharides such as porphyran and hemicellulose. The chemical properties of the polysaccharides extracted with different extraction methods such as hot water, dilute acid(pH 4.0) or alkali solution(2N NaOH) were examined to investigate the suitable extraction conditions for porphyran and hemicellulose from laver. For porphyran extraction, dilute acid solution was more preferable to hot water and alkali solution because of its higher 3,6-anhydrogalactose content and lower protein content. However, alkali solution was more suitable to extract the hemicellulose because of higher mannose content indicating the extraction of mannan. To decrease contamination of the polysaccharides with protein, the dried lavers were pretreated with enzymes (Protamex, Flavourzyme, Alcalase, Viscozyme) before hot water extraction. All enzyme pretreatments increased the yield of polysaccharides by compared with control (enzyme unpretreated) and Flavourzyme pretreatment was most effective to decrease protein contamination in the polysaccharide. All viscosities of porphyran solutions pretreated by enzymes were lower compared to the control porphyran solution and showed pseudoplastic behavior with yield stress. In case of alkali extraction of residues obtained after enzyme hydrolysis and hot water extraction, protease pretreatment increased the mannose contents in the polysaccharide while the xylose content was increased by Viscozyme pretreatment.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Anderson, N. S.․Dolan, T. C. S. & Rees, D. A.(1965). Evidence for a Common Structural Pattern in the Polysaccharide Sulphates of the Rhodophyceae. Nature 205, 1060-1062. https://doi.org/10.1038/2051060a0
  2. AOAC(1990). Official method of analysis of AOAC international. 16th. Ed.
  3. Cho, Kyung-Ja.Lee, Young-Suk & Ryu, Beung-Ho(1990). Antitumor effect and immunology activity of seaweeds toward Sarcoma-180. Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 23(5), 345-352.
  4. Dodgson, K. S. & Price, R. G.(1962). A note on the determination of the ester sulphate content of sulphated polysaccharides. Biochemical Journal 84(1), 106-110. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0840106
  5. Dubois, M..Gills, K. A..Hamilton, J. K..Rebers, P. A. & Smith, F.(1956). Colorimetric method for the determination of sugars and related substances. Analytical chemistry 28(3), 350-356. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60111a017
  6. Frei, E. & Preston, R. D.(1964). Non-cellulosic structural polysaccharides in algal cell walls. II. Association of xylan and mannan in Porphyra umbilicalis. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences 160(980), 314-327. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.1964.0042
  7. Furneaux, R. H.․Miller, I. J. & Stevenson, T. T.(1990). Agaroids from New Zealand members of the Gracilariacece (Gracilariales, Rh odophyta) - a novel dimethylated agar. Thirteenth International Seaweed Symposium. Springer Netherlands. 645-654.
  8. In, Seo-Kyoung & Koo, Jae-Geun(2015). Chemical Composition and Rheological Properties of Enzymatic Hydrolysate of Porphyran Isolated from Pyropia yezoensis. Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 48(1), 58-63. https://doi.org/10.5657/KFAS.2015.0058
  9. Jung, Bok-Mi.Shin, Tai-Sun.Kim, Hyung-Rak.Jung, Kyoo-Jin & Kim, Seon-Bong(2003). Effect of porphyran isolated from laver, Porphyra yezoensis on Calcium, Magnesium and potassium contents in hyperlipidemic rats. Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 36(3), 220-224. https://doi.org/10.5657/kfas.2003.36.3.220
  10. Jung, Ji-Eun & Choi, Yong-Hee(2008). The optimization of extraction process on hemicellulose from rice bran. Korean Journal of Food Preservation 15(4), 532-541.
  11. Kim, Seon-Jae.Ma, Seung-Jin & Jang, Yoon-Sen(2005). Extraction and quality characteristics of porphyran from laver (Porphyta yezoensis) waste. Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture 20(4), 446-450.
  12. Koo, Jae-Geun & Park, Jin-Hee(1999). Chemical and gelling properties of alkali-modified porphyran. Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 32(3), 271-275.
  13. Koo, Jae-Geun.Park, Byung-Chun.Kim, Byung-G i.Kim, Hyun-Ae.Ryu, Chung-Hee & Kim, Sun-Young(2007). Chemical composition and rheological properties of deproteinated porphyran. Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 40(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.5657/kfas.2007.40.1.001
  14. Sun-Young(2007). Chemical composition and rheological properties of deproteinated porphyran. Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 40(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.5657/kfas.2007.40.1.001
  15. Korea Statistical Information service(2016). Retrieved from http://Kosis.kr.
  16. Lee, Jung-Sun.Lee, Myung-Heon & Koo, Jae-Geun(2010). Effects of porphyran and insoluble dietary fiber isolated from laver, Porphyra yezoensis, on lipid metabolism in rats fed high fat diet. The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition 23(4), 562-569.
  17. Lowry, O. H..Rosebrough, N. J..Farr, A. L. & Randall, R. L.(1951). Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 193(1), 265-275.
  18. Min, Hyun-Kyeng.Kim, Hyo-Ju & Chang, Hae-Chang (2008). Growth-inhibitory effect of the extract of porphyran-chungkookjang on cancer cell. Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 37(7), 826-833. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2008.37.7.826
  19. Okai, Yasuji.Higashi-Okai, Kiyoka & Nakamura, Sei-ichi(1993). Identification of heterogenous antimutagenic activities in the extract of edible brown seaweeds, Laminaria japonica(Makonbu) and Undaria pinnatifida(Wakame) by the umu gene expression system in salmonella typhimurium (TA1535/pSK1002). Mutation research letters 303(2), 63-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-7992(93)90096-E
  20. Park, Jin-Hee & Koo, Jae-Geun(2008). A simple purification method and chemical properties of porphyran from Porphyra yezoensis. Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 41(6), 409-413. https://doi.org/10.5657/kfas.2008.41.6.409
  21. Park, Jin-Hee.Koo, Jae-Geun.Do, Jung-Ryong. Yang, Cha-Bum & Woo, Sang-Kyu(1998). Effect of extraction temperature and pH on the chemical properties of crude porphyran extracted from Porphyra yezoensis. Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 31(1), 127-131.
  22. Shin, Dong-Min(2012). Studies on the physicochemical properties of cell wall polysaccharides isolated from Porphyra. University of Kunsan.
  23. Sung, Mi-Kyung(1997). Effect of lignin and hemicellulose on the Mutagenicity of IQ. Journal Korean Society of Food and Nutrition 26(1), 67-71.
  24. Yoshizawa, Yasuko.Ametani, Akio.Tsunehiro, Jun.Nomura, Kazuyo.Itoh, Masao.Fukui, Fumio & Kaminogawa, Shuichi(1995). Macrophage stimulation activity of the polysaccharide fraction from a marine alga (Porphyra yezoensis) : Structure-function relationship and improved solubility. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 59(10), 1933-1937. https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.59.1933
  25. Zhang, Quanbin.Li, Ning.Liu, Xiguang.Zhao, Zengqin.Li, Zhien & Xu, Zuhong(2004). The structure of a sulfated galactan from Porphyra haitanensis and its in vivo antioxidant activity. Carbohydrate Research 339(1), 105-111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carres.2003.09.015

피인용 문헌

  1. Composition of Amino Acid and Photosynthesis Pigment on Growing Season of Pyropia dentata (Rhodophyta) in Haenam, Korea vol.30, pp.4, 2018, https://doi.org/10.13000/JFMSE.2018.08.30.4.1248