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Effect of neoliberal education policy on the appointment system of teachers -Focusing on the growth of contracted teachers

신자유주의 교육정책에 따른 교사채용 문제점 및 해결방안 -기간제 교사 증가 추이를 중심으로-

  • 장은숙 (한국원자력연구원) ;
  • 최승호 (우송대학교 군사학과) ;
  • 이경은 (남서울대학교 교육성과관리부)
  • Received : 2016.08.25
  • Accepted : 2017.02.03
  • Published : 2017.02.28

Abstract

This study examined the effects of neoliberal educational policy on the appointment system of teachers to assess the impacts of this neoliberal education policy. Neoliberal education policy has led to increased private education cost, and strengthened the function of social stratum reproduction in the education system despite increasing the efficiency and flexibility. Since contracted employment was applied to the educational field, the number of regular teachers began to decrease, while that of contracted teachers increased. For example, the number of contracted teachers was 300 in the 1990, which increased to 42,042 in 2015. Neoliberal education policy contributed to teacher's quantitative demand; however, the increase in the number of contracted teachers is ultimately degrading the education quality. In an education market, the issues of balancing between supply and demand often occur. Therefore, it is necessary to strongly control the number of contracted teachers by limiting their contract period. Furthermore, an institutional device that can convert a contracted teacher to a regular one must be established.

본 논문의 목적은 교원정책에 있어 신자유주의 정책의 문제점과 그에 따른 신자유주의교육 정책을 비판하는 데 있다. 신자유주의정책이 효율성과 유연성을 가졌다고는 하나, 사교육비 증가와 더불어 교육시스템에서 사회층 재생산을 강화시켰다. 상시적인 정규교사가 고용되어야 하는 자리에 기간제 교사를 무분별하게 고용하고 있다. 전국 초 중고교의 기간제 교사수는 1999년 300명이였던 것이 2005년 1만3,419명, 2009년 2만 3,784명으로 늘어난데 이어 2011년 3만 5,717명, 2015년 4만 2,042명으로 급증했다. 신자유주의 교육정책으로 인해 우리나라의 교원임용 정책은 교원의 양적수급에는 기여하나, 비정규직인 기간제교사의 증가는 결국 교육의 질을 저하시키고 있다. 입시위주교육, 과다한 사교육비, 경직된 학교조직에 대한 교육 문제 해결하기 위해 교육에 유연한 방식을 도입하여 자유경쟁, 효율성을 높이려고 신자유주의적 교육개혁이 추진되었으나, 이로 인해 오히려 학생과 학부모입장에서는 사교육비의 증가, 학교의 계층재생산 기능의 부작용은 더욱 강화되었고, 교사의 입장에서 볼 때 고용의 불안정화에 따른 수업의 질이 저하되기에 이르렀다. 교육시장에서 교사 수급균형의 문제는 항상 일어난다. 그러나, 공교육의 질을 높이기위해서는 무분별한 기간제 교사채용을 통제하고, 비정규직교사의 정규직전환을 법제화해야한다.

Keywords

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