Journal of Life Science (생명과학회지)

Korean Society of Life Science (한국생명과학회)
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Properties of the Silkworm (Bombyx mori) Dongchunghacho, a Newly Developed Korean Medicinal Insect-borne Mushroom: Mass-production and Pharmacological Actions

한국에서 개발된 곤충유래 약용버섯인 누에동충하초의 생산기술개발 및 약리학적 특성

  • Lee, Sang Mong (Department of Life Science & Environmental Biochemistry, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University) ;
  • Kim, Yong Gyun (Department of Life Science & Environmental Biochemistry, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University) ;
  • Park, Hyean Cheal (Department of Life Science & Environmental Biochemistry, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University) ;
  • Kim, Keun Ki (Department of Life Science & Environmental Biochemistry, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University) ;
  • Son, Hong Joo (Department of Life Science & Environmental Biochemistry, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University) ;
  • Hong, Chang Oh (Department of Life Science & Environmental Biochemistry, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University) ;
  • Park, Nam Sook (Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University)
  • 이상몽 (부산대학교 생명자원과학대학 생명환경화학과) ;
  • 김용균 (부산대학교 생명자원과학대학 생명환경화학과) ;
  • 박현철 (부산대학교 생명자원과학대학 생명환경화학과) ;
  • 김근기 (부산대학교 생명자원과학대학 생명환경화학과) ;
  • 손홍주 (부산대학교 생명자원과학대학 생명환경화학과) ;
  • 홍창오 (부산대학교 생명자원과학대학 생명환경화학과) ;
  • 박남숙 (부산대학교 생명자원과학대학 생명산업융합연구원)
  • Received : 2017.02.17
  • Accepted : 2017.02.23
  • Published : 2017.02.28
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Abstract

Cordyceps is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb well-known in China, Korea and Japan since B.C. 2,000. The original entomopathogenic fungus, Cordyceps sinensis belonging to the genus Cordyceps could not be found inside Korean peninsula due to the absence of the host insect for the corresponding entomogenous fungus. The development of artificial production methods of Korean type Cordyceps using the silkworm Bombyx mori as in vivo culture medium for the the entomopathogenic fungus Paecilomyces tenuipes is the first, and wonderful occasion in the research history of insect industry of this global world. The aim of this article is to review the historical research background, mass-production methods, and pharmacological effects of the silkworm-dongchunghacho (Paecilomyces tenuipes) which is a newly developed Korean medicinal insect-borne mushroom, and another non-insect-borne medicinal mushroom (Cordyceps militaris and Cordyceps pruinosa). Their biological actions include anti-tumor, immunostimulating, anti-fatigue, anti-stress, anti-oxidant, anti-aging, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombosis, hypolipidaemic and insecticidal effects. The bioactive principles are protein-bound polysaccharides (hexose, hexosamin), cordycepin, D-manitol, acidic polysaccharide etc. Protein-bound polysaccharides and n-butanol fractions were demonstrated to show a significant anti-tumor activities but did not show a cytotoxicities. D-mannitol exhibited a significant prolongation of the life span in tumor bearing mice. Ergosterol did not show an efficient anti-tumor activity, but showed a significant phagocytosis enhancing activity. Anti-tumor activity of silkworm-dongchunghacho might be attributed to immuno-stimulating activities rather than cytotoxic effects [164]. Also this review comprises the breeding of Dongchunghacho varieties, optimization of culture conditions, improvement of learning and memory by Dongchunghacho, application of them as foods and chemical constituents.

동충하초(Cordyceps)는 B.C. 2,000년 이후로부터 지금까지 중국, 한국, 일본 등 아시아 국가에서 잘 알려진 전통적인 불로장생의 비약으로 사용되어져 왔다. 곤충기생 곰팡이균으로서 원조 동충하초로 불리는 Cordyceps속에 속하는 Cordyceps sinensis는 우리나라 한반도에서는 발견되지 않고 있다. 그 이유는 해당 곰팡이균에 특정적인 기주곤충인 박쥐나방(Hepialus armonicanus)이 우리나라에는 존재하지 않기 때문으로 보인다. 따라서 차선책으로서 한국형의 동충하초, 즉 Paecilomyces tenuipes 동충하초균에 대한 곤충생체배지로서 누에(Silkworm, Bombyx mori)를 기주곤충으로 사용하는 누에동충하초의 인공적인 생산방법을 세계 최초로 개발하게 된 것이다. 따라서 본 총설은 누에동충하초를 개발하게 된 역사적 배경과 생산방법 및 약리학적 효능과, 비곤충유래 동충하초인 인공배지 배양동충하초(밀리타리스동충하초: Cordyceps militaris, 붉은자루동충하초: Cordyceps pruinosa 등)의 배양조건과 동충하초 품종육성, 배지배양조건, 동충하초의 식품에의 응용 가능성, 화학적 구성성분 및 약리적 효능 등에 대해 고찰하였다. 곤충유래의 누에동충하초 및 비곤충유래동충하초균사체 및 자실체동충하초의 주요 약리작용은 항종양, 면역증강, 항피로, 항스트레스, 항산화, 항노화, 항당뇨, 항염증, 항혈전, 항지질 및 해충방제 효능으로 요약된다. 동충하초의 주요 생리활성물질들은 단백다당체(헥소스, 헥소사민), 코디세핀, 만니톨, 산성다당체 등이다. 단백다당체와 부타놀 추출물은 매우 강한 항종양 효과를 보이나 세포독성은 나타내지 않았다. 만니톨은 종양유발쥐의 수명을 유의성 있게 연장하였다. 에르고스테롤은 항종양 활성은 보이지 않았으나 왕성한 식세포활성을 보였다. 따라서 우리가 높은 관심을 가지고 있는 누에동충하초의 항종양 활성은 세포독성효과보다는 면역력증강효과에 기인하는 것으로 사료된다[164].

Keywords

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