Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment (한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경)

Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment (한국지하수토양환경학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Application of Nanosized Zero-valent Iron-Activated Persulfate for Treating Groundwater Contaminated with Phenol

  • Thao, Trinh Thi (School of Civil and Environmental Eng., Pusan National University) ;
  • Kim, Cheolyong (School of Civil and Environmental Eng., Pusan National University) ;
  • Hwang, Inseong (School of Civil and Environmental Eng., Pusan National University)
  • Received : 2017.01.23
  • Accepted : 2017.02.20
  • Published : 2017.02.28
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Persulfate (PS) activated with nanosized zero-valent iron (NZVI) was tested as a reagent to remove phenol from groundwater. Batch degradation experiments indicated that NZVI/PS molar ratios between 1 : 2 and 1 : 5 were appropriate for complete removal of phenol, and that the time required for complete removal varied with different PS and NZVI dosages. Chloride ions up to 100 mM enhanced the phenol oxidation rate, and nitrate of any concentration up to 100 mM did not significantly affect the oxidation rate. NZVI showed greater performance than ferrous iron did as an activator for PS. A by-product was formed along with phenol degradation but subsequently was completely degraded, which showed the potential to attain mineralization with the NZVI/PS system. Tests with radical quenchers indicated that sulfate radicals were a predominant radical. The results of this study suggest that NZVI is a promising activator of PS for treating contaminated groundwater.

Keywords

References

  1. Ahn, J., Kim, C., Kim, H., Hwang, K., and Hwang, I. 2016, Effects of oxidants on in situ treatment of a DNAPL source by nanoscale zero-valent iron: A field study, Water Res., 107, 57-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2016.10.037
  2. Al-Shamsi, M.A. and Thomson, N.R. 2013, Treatment of organic compounds by activated persulfate using nanoscale zerovalent iron, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 52(38), 13564-13571. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie400387p
  3. Boukari, S.O., Pellizzari, F., and Leitner, N.K.V. 2011, Influence of persulfate ions on the removal of phenol in aqueous solution using electron beam irradiation, J. Hazard. Mater., 185(2), 844-851. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.09.097
  4. Budaev, S., Batoeva, A., and Tsybikova, B., 2015, Degradation of thiocyanate in aqueous solution by persulfate activated ferric ion, Miner. Eng., 81, 88-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2015.07.010
  5. Buxton, G.V., Barlow, S., Mcgowan, S., Salmon, G.A., and Williams, J.E., 1999, The reaction of the SO 3-Radical with Fe II in acidic aqueous Solution-A pulse radiolysis study, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 1(13), 3111-3115. https://doi.org/10.1039/a901735f
  6. Diao, Z.H., Xu, X.R., Jiang, D., Kong, L.J., Sun, Y.X., Hu, Y.X., Hao, Q.W., and Chen, H., 2016, Bentonite-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron/persulfate system for the simultaneous removal of Cr (VI) and phenol from aqueous solutions, Chem. Eng. J., 302, 213-222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2016.05.062
  7. Eberson, L., 1982, Electron-transfer reactions in organic chemistry, Adv. Phys. Org. Chem., 18, 79-185.
  8. Gomes, H.I., Dias-Ferreira, C., and Ribeiro, A.B., 2012, Electrokinetic remediation of organochlorines in soil: Enhancement techniques and integration with other remediation technologies, Chemosphere, 87(10), 1077-1090. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.02.037
  9. Huang, K., Zhao, Z., Hoag, G.E., Dahmani, A., and Block, P.A., 2005, Degradation of volatile organic compounds with thermally activated persulfate oxidation, Chemosphere, 61(4), 551-560. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.02.032
  10. Li, H., Wan, J., Ma, Y., Wang, Y., and Huang, M., 2014a, Influence of particle size of zero-valent iron and dissolved silica on the reactivity of activated persulfate for degradation of acid orange 7, Chem. Eng. J., 237, 487-496. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2013.10.035
  11. Li, J., He, L., Lu, H., and Fan, X. 2014b, Stochastic goal programming based groundwater remediation management under human-health-risk uncertainty, J. Hazard. Mater., 279, 257-267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.06.082
  12. Li, R., Jin, X., Megharaj, M., Naidu, R., and Chen, Z. 2015, Heterogeneous fenton oxidation of 2, 4-Dichlorophenol using iron-based nanoparticles and persulfate system, Chem. Eng. J., 264, 587-594. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2014.11.128
  13. Magazinovic, R.S., Nicholson, B.C., Mulcahy, D.E., and Davey, D.E., 2004, Bromide levels in natural waters: Its relationship to levels of both chloride and total dissolved solids and the implications for water treatment, Chemosphere, 57(4), 329-335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.04.056
  14. Masciopinto, C., 2006, Simulation of coastal groundwater remediation: The case of nard fractured aquifer in southern Italy, Environ. Model. Softw., 21(1), 85-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2004.09.028
  15. Neta, P., Madhavan, V., Zemel, H., and Fessenden, R.W., 1977, Rate constants and mechanism of reaction of sulfate radical anion with aromatic compounds, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 99(1), 163-164. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00443a030
  16. Oh, S., Kim, H., Park, J., Park, H., and Yoon, C., 2009, Oxidation of polyvinyl alcohol by persulfate activated with heat, $Fe^{2+}$, and zero-valent iron, J. Hazard. Mater., 168(1), 346-351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.02.065
  17. Olmez-Hanci, T. and Arslan-Alaton, I., 2013, Comparison of sulfate and hydroxyl radical based advanced oxidation of phenol, Chem. Eng. J., 224, 10-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2012.11.007
  18. Pardo, F., Santos, A., and Romero, A., 2016, Fate of iron and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during the remediation of a contaminated soil using iron-activated persulfate: a column study, Sci. Total Environ., 566, 480-488.
  19. Peluffo, M., Pardo, F., Santos, A., and Romero, A., 2016, Use of different kinds of persulfate activation with iron for the remediation of a PAH-contaminated soil, Sci. Total Environ., 563, 649-656.
  20. Pennington, D.E. and Haim, A., 1968, Stoichiometry and mechanism of the chromium (II)-Peroxydisulfate reaction, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 90(14), 3700-3704. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01016a017
  21. Ren, L., He, L., Lu, H., and Li, J., 2017, Rough-interval-based multicriteria decision analysis for remediation of 1, 1-Dichloroethane contaminated groundwater, Chemosphere, 168, 244-253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.10.042
  22. Siegrist, R.L., Crimi, M., and Simpkin, T.J., 2011, In Situ Chemical Oxidation for Groundwater Remediation, Springer Science & Business Media, Berlin, Germany, 678 p.
  23. Tsitonaki, A., Petri, B., Crimi, M., Mosbaek, H., Siegrist, R.L., and Bjerg, P.L., 2010, In situ chemical oxidation of contaminated soil and groundwater using persulfate: A review, Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol., 40(1), 55-91. https://doi.org/10.1080/10643380802039303