Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture (한국조경학회지)

The Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture (한국조경학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The Effect of Street Gardens on Psychological Restoration

도심 가로정원의 심리적 회복효과에 관한 연구

  • Kwon, Hyun-Sook (Landscape Planning and Designing Lab, Graduate School, Seoul National University) ;
  • Hahm, Yean-Kyoung (Landscape Planning and Designing Lab, Graduate School, Seoul National University) ;
  • Kim, Hae-Ryung (Interdisciplinary Program in Landscape Architecture, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Seoul National University) ;
  • Yoon, Hee-Yeun (Dept. of Landscape Architecture and Rural Systems Engineering, Seoul National University)
  • 권현숙 (서울대학교 대학원 생태조경학과 조경계획 및 설계 연구실) ;
  • 함연경 (서울대학교 대학원 생태조경학과 조경계획 및 설계 연구실) ;
  • 김혜령 (서울대학교 환경대학원 협동과정 조경학) ;
  • 윤희연 (서울대학교 조경.지역시스템공학부)
  • Received : 2016.11.23
  • Accepted : 2017.01.05
  • Published : 2017.02.28
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Street gardens, a series of streetscape improvement projects led by Seoul City Government, are initiated for the purpose of providing aesthetic satisfaction and mental refreshment to pedestrians. In order to investigate whether street gardens indeed promote the psychological health of the users, questionnaire surveys were conducted on three selected street gardens - at Gangnam-daero, Digital-ro, and Teheranro - and their comparison sites located on the same streets, which have a similar physical environment but without a street garden. The survey questionnaires, based on Attention Restoration Theory, were composed of Perceived Restorativeness Scale-11 with the eleven individual questions grouped into four categories: 'Fascination', 'Being away', 'Coherence', and 'Scope'. The survey questionnaires also ask about physical components that promote psychological improvement in the aforementioned categories. The collected data was analyzed with factor analysis, reliability analysis, and independent t-test. The results suggested that street gardens had a relatively positive effect on the psychological restorativeness of the users. In particular, they gave fascination and interest to the users. However, they did not offer a feeling of being away to the users, which revealed the limitation in the psychological improvement effect of street gardens. The physical components of the street garden that have led the psychological restorativeness effect were wooden bench, tree, and flower. This result corresponds to an extant theory that natural factors have a positive effect on the psychological restorativeness within a hardscape. This research will shed light on the planning and design guidelines for the street garden project.

가로정원은 서울시 가로환경 개선 사업의 일환으로, 보행자들에게 심미적 만족과 심리적 안정감을 제공하기 위한 휴식공간으로 설치되었다. 본 연구에서는 실제 가로정원이 이용자의 심리적 향상을 돕는지 고찰하기 위해, 가로정원과 이에 상응하는 비교대상지를 선정하여 설문조사를 실시하고, 결과를 비교하였다. 서울시에 위치한 총 9개의 가로정원 중 강남대로, 디지털로, 테헤란로에 설치된 가로정원을 대상지로 선택하였으며, 비교대상지로는 동일 대로상에 위치하며 물리적 환경이 유사하나 가로정원 사업이 시행되지 않은 3개의 장소를 선정하였다. 설문은 주의회복이론(Attention Restoration Theory: ART)을 근거, '매력감(Fascination), '벗어남(Being away)', '짜임새(Coherence)', '규모(Scope)'를 중심으로 구성된 회복환경지각척도-11(Perceived Restorativeness Scale-11) 질문과, 심리적 회복을 유도한 설계 요소를 묻는 질문으로 구성하였고, 요인분석, 신뢰도 분석, 독립표본 t-검정을 이용하여 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 가로정원은 이용자들의 심리적 회복에 비교적 긍정적 효과를 미치며, 특히 이용자들에게 매력감과 흥미로움을 부여한다고 나타났다. 그러나 가로정원은 이용자들에게 고단한 현실에서 벗어나는 듯한 느낌을 주지 못하여 심리적 향상효과의 한계를 드러냈다. 심리적 회복효과를 유도한 가로정원의 물리적 요소는 나무벤치, 나무, 꽃으로 나타나, 자연적인 요소가 인공적 요소보다 심리적 회복에 긍정적 영향을 준다는 심리회복 이론에 부합하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 향후 가로정원 사업을 추진함에 있어 계획 및 설계 가이드라인 개발에 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Byun, H. O., B. H. Han, K. S. Ki and J. M. Jung(2012) Improvement on street greenery for the landscape specialization and increase of green volume on the streets of Seoul. The Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture 40(6): 35-46. https://doi.org/10.9715/KILA.2012.40.6.035
  2. Byun, D. P., Y. L. Cho, W. Y. Lee and K. B. Choi(2016) The Strategic Plan for Street Garden Construction. Department of Seoul Green City.
  3. Cho, Y. H., Y. M. Jung and K. D. Kim(2006) Analysis of street environment in Seoul by introducing index of greenness in streetscape. The Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture 34(1): 1-9.
  4. De Vries, S., S. M. Van Dillen, P. P. Groenewegen and P. Spreeuwenberg (2013) Streetscape greenery and health: Stress, social cohesion and physical activity as mediators. Social Science & Medicine 94: 26-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.06.030
  5. Forsyth, A., M. Hearst, J. M. Oakes and K. H. Schmitz(2008) Design and destinations: factors influencing walking and total physical activity. Urban Studies 45(9): 1973-1996. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098008093386
  6. Hartig, T., F. G. Kaiser and P. A. Bowler(1997) Further development of a measure of perceived environmental restorativeness. (Working Paper No. 5). Gavle, Sweden: Uppsala University, Institute for Housing Research.
  7. Hartig, T., K. Korpela, G. W. Evans and T. Garling(1996) Validation of a seasure of perceived environmental restorativeness (Goteborg Psychological Reports, 26:7). Goteborg: Department of Psychology, Goteborg University.
  8. Hartig, T. A., M. Mang, G. W. Evans and T. Garling(1997) A measure of restorative quality in environments. Scandinavian Housing and Planning Research 14(4): 175-194. https://doi.org/10.1080/02815739708730435
  9. Hartig, T. and H. Staats(2006) The need for psychological restoration as a determinant of environmental preferences. Journal of Environmental Psychology 26(3): 215-226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2006.07.007
  10. Hipp, J. A., and O. A. Ogunseitan(2011) Effect of environmental conditions on perceived psychological restorativeness of coastal parks. Journal of Environmental Psychology 31(4): 421-429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2011.08.008
  11. Jung, S. W., J. H. Kim J. H. Lee and J. M. Ha(2009) A study on analysis of user behavior in urban central street-On the Dongsung street in Daegu. Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design 25(11): 299-306.
  12. Kang, Y. A., J. Y. Lee and S. Lee(2013) Influences of perceived restorative environment toward leisure satisfaction in a waterfront park-Focused on Hangang park. Korean Journal of Tourism Research 28(3): 353-373.
  13. Kang, E. J. and K. H. Kim(2014) A study about post occupancy evaluation of considering historic․culture visiting road-Focused on Jungdong road and Insadong road. Urban Design Institute of Korea 15(4): 5-19.
  14. Kaplan, R., and S. Kaplan(1989) The Experience of Nature: A Psychological Perspective. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  15. Kaplan, S. (1995) The restorative benefits of nature: Toward an integrative framework. Journal of Environmental Psychology 15(3): 169-182. https://doi.org/10.1016/0272-4944(95)90001-2
  16. Kim, D. H.(2004) Psychological character analysis of pavement materials. The Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture 32(5): 43-51.
  17. Kim, J. I. and K. J. Jang(2004) A study on the directions of design for environmental facilities along avenues via locational marketing -Focusing on Hyehwa-dong campus avenues. Archives of Design Research 17(1): 5-14.
  18. Kim, D. C. and K. M. Park(2006) The influence of street planting types to the evaluation of sidewalk landscape. The Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture 34(5): 14-23.
  19. Kim, E. B. and S. H. Lee(2013) A recognition evaluation on the attractive characteristics of a street design for pedestrians. Archives of Design Research 26(4): 75-99.
  20. Lee, S. H. and M. H. Hyun(2003) The factor structure of the Korean version of the perceived restorativeness scale. Korean Journal of Health Psychology 8(2): 229-241.
  21. Lindal, P. J. and T. Hartig(2015) Effects of urban street vegetation on judgments of restoration likelihood. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 14(2): 200-209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2015.02.001
  22. Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Design(2013) Public Facility Guideline for Seoul.
  23. Park, H. C. and N. K. Ryu(2001) Post-Implementation Evaluation and Future Direction for Street Improvement Program. Seoul Development Institute.
  24. Park, S. H.(2009) Bench design development for street environment. Archives of Design Research 22(6): 45-48.
  25. Park, S. A. and M. W. Lee(2016) An analysis of the healing effects by types of forest space -Focused on psychological restorativeness and satisfaction. The Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture 44(4): 75-85. https://doi.org/10.9715/KILA.2016.44.4.075
  26. Pasini, M., R. Berto, M. Brondino, R. Hall, and C. Ortner(2014) How to measure the restorative quality of environments: The PRS-11. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences 159: 293-297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.12.375
  27. Purcell, T., E. Peron, and R. Berto(2001) Why do preferences differ between scene types? Environment and Behavior 33(1): 93-106. https://doi.org/10.1177/00139160121972882
  28. Ryu, Y. H., P. S. Yeon and W. S. Shin(2013) The comparison of PRS(Perceived Restorativeness Scale) on types of urban forest. The Journal of Korean Institute of Forest Recreation 17(1): 33-45.
  29. Sarkar, C., C. Webster, M. Pryor, D. Tang, S. Melbourne X. Zhang, and L. Jianzheng(2015) Exploring associations between urban green, street design and walking: Results from the Greater London Boroughs. Landscape and Urban Planning 143: 112-125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2015.06.013
  30. Shin, K. S., Y. H. Park, Y. M. Kwon, and E. K. Ahn(2014) Street is Garden -Basic Design Service Report. Department of Seoul Green City.
  31. Tak, Y. R., S. A. Kim and I. H, Yun(2009) An analysis on restorative effect of landscape preference- Focused on traditional Korean gardens. Journal of Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture 27(2): 80-88.
  32. Tyrväinen, L., A. Ojala, K. Korpela, T. Lanki, Y. Tsunetsugu and T. Kagawa(2014) The influence of urban green environments on stress relief measures: A field experiment. Journal of Environmental Psychology 38: 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2013.12.005