DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Green synthesis of fluorescent carbon dots from carrot juice for in vitro cellular imaging

  • Liu, Yang (Department of BIN Convergence Technology, Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Liu, Yanan (Department of BIN Convergence Technology, Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Park, Mira (Department of Organic Materials and Fiber Engineering, Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Park, Soo-Jin (Department of Chemistry, Inha University) ;
  • Zhang, Yifan (Department of Chemistry, Inha University) ;
  • Akanda, Md Rashedunnabi (Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Park, Byung-Yong (Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University) ;
  • Kim, Hak Yong (Department of BIN Convergence Technology, Chonbuk National University)
  • 투고 : 2016.09.21
  • 심사 : 2016.10.06
  • 발행 : 2017.01.31

초록

We report the use of carrot, a new and inexpensive biomaterial source, for preparing high quality carbon dots (CDs) instead of semi-conductive quantum dots for bioimaging application. The as-derived CDs possessing down and up-conversion photoluminescence features were obtained from carrot juice by commonly used hydrothermal treatment. The corresponding physiochemical and optical properties were investigated by electron microscopy, fluorescent spectrometry, and other spectroscopic methods. The surfaces of obtained CDs were highly covered with hydroxyl groups and nitrogen groups without further modification. The quantum yield of as-obtained CDs was as high as 5.16%. The cell viability of HaCaT cells against a purified CD aqueous solution was higher than 85% even at higher concentration ($700{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$) after 24 h incubation. Finally, CD cultured cells exhibited distinguished blue, green, and red colors, respectively, during in vitro imaging when excited by three wavelength lasers under a confocal microscope. Offering excellent optical properties, biocompatibility, low cytotoxicity, and good cellular imaging capability, the carrot juice derived CDs are a promising candidate for biomedical applications.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Lim SY, Shen W, Gao Z. Carbon quantum dots and their applications. Chem Soc Rev, 44, 362 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1039/c4cs00269e.
  2. Yang ST, Cao L, Luo PG, Lu F, Wang X, Wang H, Meziani MJ, Liu Y, Qi G, Sun YP. Carbon dots for optical imaging in vivo. J Am Chem Soc, 131, 11308 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1021/ja904843x.
  3. Zhuo S, Shao M, Lee ST. Upconversion and downconversion fluorescent graphene quantum dots: ultrasonic preparation and photocatalysis. ACS Nano, 6, 1059 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1021/nn2040395.
  4. Briscoe J, Marinovic A, Sevilla M, Dunn S, Titirici M. Biomassderived carbon quantum dot sensitizers for solid-state nanostructured solar cells. Angew Chem Int Ed, 54, 4463 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201409290.
  5. Titirici MM, White RJ, Brun N, Budarin VL, Su DS, del Monte F, Clark JH, MacLachlan MJ. Sustainable carbon materials. Chem Soc Rev, 44, 250 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1039/c4cs00232f.
  6. Zhu S, Shao J, Song Y, Zhao X, Du J, Wang L, Wang H, Zhang K, Zhang J, Yang B. Investigating the surface state of graphene quantum dots. Nanoscale, 7, 7927 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1039/c5nr01178g.
  7. Zhu S, Song Y, Zhao X, Shao J, Zhang J, Yang B. The photoluminescence mechanism in carbon dots (graphene quantum dots, carbon nanodots, and polymer dots): current state and future perspective. Nano Res, 8, 355 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-014-0644-3.
  8. Zhao A, Chen Z, Zhao C, Gao N, Ren J, Qu X. Recent advances in bioapplications of C-dots. Carbon, 85, 309 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2014.12.045.
  9. Baker SN, Baker GA. Luminescent carbon nanodots: emergent nanolights. Angew Chem Int Ed, 49, 6726 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200906623.
  10. Sun YP, Zhou B, Lin Y, Wang W, Fernando KAS, Pathak P, Meziani MJ, Harruff BA, Wang X, Wang H, Luo PG, Yang H, Kose ME, Chen B, Veca LM, Xie SY. Quantum-sized carbon dots for bright and colorful photoluminescence. J Am Chem Soc, 128, 7756 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1021/ja062677d.
  11. Tian L, Ghosh D, Chen W, Pradhan S, Chang X, Chen S. Nanosized carbon particles from natural gas soot. Chem Mater, 21, 2803 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1021/cm900709w.
  12. Zheng L, Chi Y, Dong Y, Lin J, Wang B. Electrochemiluminescence of water-soluble carbon nanocrystals released electrochemically from graphite. J Am Chem Soc, 131, 4564 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1021/ja809073f.
  13. Pan D, Zhang J, Li Z, Wu M. Hydrothermal route for cutting graphene sheets into blue-luminescent graphene quantum dots. Adv Mater, 22, 734 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200902825.
  14. Huang H, Xu Y, Tang CJ, Chen JR, Wang AJ, Feng JJ. Facile and green synthesis of photoluminescent carbon nanoparticles for cellular imaging. New J Chem, 38, 784 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1039/c3nj01185b.
  15. Wu M, Wang Y, Wu W, Hu C, Wang X, Zheng J, Li Z, Jiang B, Qiu J. Preparation of functionalized water-soluble photoluminescent carbon quantum dots from petroleum coke. Carbon, 78, 480 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2014.07.029.
  16. Fong JFY, Chin SF, Ng SM. Facile synthesis of carbon nanoparticles from sodium alginate via ultrasonic-assisted nano-precipitation and thermal acid dehydration for ferric ion sensing. Sens Actuators B Chem, 209, 997 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2014.12.038.
  17. Ma Z, Ming H, Huang H, Liu Y, Kang Z. One-step ultrasonic synthesis of fluorescent N-doped carbon dots from glucose and their visible-light sensitive photocatalytic ability. New J Chem, 36, 861 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1039/c2nj20942j.
  18. Chowdhury D, Gogoi N, Majumdar G. Fluorescent carbon dots obtained from chitosan gel. RSC Adv, 2, 12156 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1039/c2ra21705h.
  19. Xiao D, Yuan D, He H, Lu J. Microwave-assisted one-step green synthesis of amino-functionalized fluorescent carbon nitride dots from chitosan. Luminescence, 28, 612 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1002/bio.2486.
  20. Xu J, Zhou Y, Liu S, Dong M, Huang C. Low-cost synthesis of carbon nanodots from natural products used as a fluorescent probe for the detection of ferrum(III) ions in lake water. Anal Methods, 6, 2086 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ay41715h.
  21. Alam AM, Park BY, Ghouri ZK, Park M, Kim HY. Synthesis of carbon quantum dots from cabbage with down- and up-conversion photoluminescence properties: excellent imaging agent for biomedical applications. Green Chem, 17, 3791 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1039/c5gc00686d.
  22. Atchudan R, Edison TNJI, Sethuraman MG, Lee YR. Efficient synthesis of highly fluorescent nitrogen-doped carbon dots for cell imaging using unripe fruit extract of Prunus mume. Appl Surf Sci, 384, 432 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.05.054.
  23. Teng X, Ma C, Ge C, Yan M, Yang J, Zhang Y, Morais PC, Bi H. Green synthesis of nitrogen-doped carbon dots from konjac flour with "off-on" fluorescence by $Fe^{3+}$ and l-lysine for bioimaging. J Mater Chem B, 2, 4631 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1039/c4tb00368c.
  24. Yang Y, Cui J, Zheng M, Hu C, Tan S, Xiao Y, Yang Q, Liu Y. Onestep synthesis of amino-functionalized fluorescent carbon nanoparticles by hydrothermal carbonization of chitosan. Chem Commun, 48, 380 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1039/c1cc15678k.
  25. Weng CI, Chang HT, Lin CH, Shen YW, Unnikrishnan B, Li YJ, Huang CC. One-step synthesis of biofunctional carbon quantum dots for bacterial labeling. Biosens Bioelectron, 68, 1 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2014.12.028.
  26. Wang K, Guan F, Li H, Li M, Feng H, Fan H. One-step synthesis of carbon nanodots for sensitive detection of cephalexin. RSC Adv, 5, 20511 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1039/c4ra15433a.
  27. Wang J, Wang CF, Chen S. Amphiphilic egg-derived carbon dots: rapid plasma fabrication, pyrolysis process, and multicolor printing patterns. Angew Chem Int Ed, 51, 9297 (2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201204381.
  28. Jiang C, Wu H, Song X, Ma X, Wang J, Tan M. Presence of photoluminescent carbon dots in $Nescafe^{(R)}$ original instant coffee: applications to bioimaging. Talanta, 127, 68 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2014.01.046.
  29. Wang B, Song A, Feng L, Ruan H, Li H, Dong S, Hao J. Tunable amphiphilicity and multifunctional applications of ionic-liquidmodified carbon quantum dots. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 7, 6919 (2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5b00758.
  30. Liu Y, Liu Y, Park SJ, Zhang Y, Kim T, Chae S, Park M, Kim HY. One-step synthesis of robust nitrogen-doped carbon dots: acid-evoked fluorescence enhancement and their application in $Fe^{3+}$ detection. J Mater Chem A, 3, 17747 (2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ta05189d.

피인용 문헌

  1. Rational designed strategy to dispel mutual interference of mercuric and ferric ions towards robust, pH-stable fluorescent carbon nanodots vol.142, pp.7, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1039/C6AN02601J
  2. ) vol.7, pp.65, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1039/C7RA06223K
  3. Molecular imaging with nanoparticles: the dwarf actors revisited 10 years later vol.150, pp.6, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00418-018-1753-y
  4. One-pot synthesis of hydrophilic and hydrophobic fluorescent carbon dots using deep eutectic solvents as designer reaction media vol.53, pp.22, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-018-2723-4