DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Successful Treatment of Lead Poisoning in a Whooper Swan (Cygnus cygnus) and a Cinereous Vulture (Aegypius monachus) in Korea

  • Kim, Hee-Jong (College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Park, Sung-Jun (College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Lee, Hae-Beom (College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Park, Young-Seok (Chungnam Wild Animal Rescue Center, Kongju National University) ;
  • Kim, Moon-Jung (Chungnam Wild Animal Rescue Center, Kongju National University) ;
  • Kim, Young-Jun (Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Institute of Ecology)
  • Received : 2017.05.25
  • Accepted : 2017.10.17
  • Published : 2017.12.31

Abstract

We described the successful treatment of cases of lead poisoning in a Whooper swan (Cygnus cygnus) and a Cinereous vulture (Aegypius monachus) in Korea. The swan and vulture rescued were diagnosed with lead poisoning based on clinical signs, the presence of suspected lead-like particles in the ventriculus detected by radiography and elevated blood lead levels. Endoscopic retrieval for the swan and gastric lavage for the vulture were used to remove the lead respectively. After the removal of lead particles, a course of chelation treatment was administrated. This would be the first report of successfully treating wild birds with lead poisoning in Korea.

Keywords

References

  1. Brown CS, Luebbert J, Mulcahy D, Schamber J, Rosenberg DH. Blood lead levels of wild Steller's eiders (Polysticta stelleri) and black scoters (Melanitta nigra) in Alaska using a portable blood lead analyzer. J Zoo Wildl Med 2006; 37: 361-365. https://doi.org/10.1638/05-092.1
  2. De Francisco N, Ruiz Troya JD, Aguera EI. Lead and lead toxicity in domestic and free living birds. Avian Pathol 2003; 32: 3-13. https://doi.org/10.1080/0307945021000070660
  3. Denbow DM. Gastrointestinal anatomy and physiology. In: Sturkie's avian physiology, 5th ed. San Diego: Academic Press. 2000: 303.
  4. Lee DP. Heavy Metal Accumulation in Some Korean Rare Bird Species. J Ecol Environ 2004; 27: 141-146.
  5. Nam DH, Lee DP. Abnormal lead exposure in globally threatened Cinereous vultures (Aegypius monachus) wintering in South Korea. Ecotoxicology 2009; 18: 225-229. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-008-0275-0
  6. Nam DH, Lee DP. Mortality factors and lead contamination of wild birds from Korea. Environ Monit Assess 2011; 178: 161-169. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-010-1679-x
  7. Redig PT, Arent LR. Raptor toxicology. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract 2008; 11: 261-282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvex.2007.12.004
  8. Samour JH, Naldo J. Diagnosis and therapeutic management of lead toxicosis in falcons in Saudi Arabia. J Avian Med Surg 2002; 16: 16-20. https://doi.org/10.1647/1082-6742(2002)016[0016:DATMOL]2.0.CO;2
  9. Sears J, Cooke SW, Cooke ZR, Heron TJ. A method for the treatment of lead poisoning in the Mute Swan (Cygnus olor) and its long-term success. Br Vet J 1989; 145: 586-595. https://doi.org/10.1016/0007-1935(89)90122-X
  10. Shin JR, Kim JS, Koo TH. Lead and Cadmium Concentrations in Korean Wild Birds. Korean J Environ Biol 2008; 26: 8-14.