Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology

The Korean Society for Microbiology and Biotechnology (한국미생물·생명공학회)
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The Possible Mechanisms Involved in Citrinin Elimination by Cryptococcus podzolicus Y3 and the Effects of Extrinsic Factors on the Degradation of Citrinin

  • Zhang, Xiaoyun (School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University) ;
  • Lin, Zhen (School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University) ;
  • Apaliya, Maurice Tibiru (School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University) ;
  • Gu, Xiangyu (School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology) ;
  • Zheng, Xiangfeng (School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University) ;
  • Zhao, Lina (School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University) ;
  • Abdelhai, Mandour Haydar (School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University) ;
  • Zhang, Hongyin (School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University) ;
  • Hu, Weicheng (Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology Around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University)
  • Received : 2017.07.21
  • Accepted : 2017.09.21
  • Published : 2017.12.28
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Abstract

Citrinin (CIT) is a toxic secondary metabolite produced by fungi belonging to the Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Monascus spp. This toxin has been detected in many agricultural products. In this study, a strain Y3 with the ability to eliminate CIT was screened and identified as Cryptococcus podzolicus, based on the sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region. Neither uptake of CIT by cells nor adsorption by cell wall was involved in CIT elimination by Cryptococcus podzolicus Y3. The extracellular metabolites of Cryptococcus podzolicus Y3 stimulated by CIT or not showed no degradation for CIT. It indicated that CIT elimination was attributed to the degradation of intracellular enzyme(s). The degradation of CIT by C. podzolicus Y3 was dependent on the type of media, yeast concentration, temperature, pH, and initial concentration of CIT. Most of the CIT was degraded by C. podzolicus Y3 in NYDB medium at 42 h but not in PDB medium. The degradation rate of CIT was the highest (94%) when the concentration of C. podzolicus Y3 was $1{\times}10^8cells/ml$. The quantity of CIT degradation was highest at $28^{\circ}C$, and there was no degradation observed at 3$5^{\circ}C$. The study also showed that acidic condition (pH 4.0) was the most favorable for CIT degradation by C. podzolicus Y3. The degradation rate of CIT increased to 98% as the concentration of CIT was increased to $20{\mu}g/ml$. The toxicity of CIT degradation product(s) toward HEK293 was much lower than that of CIT.

Keywords

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