Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering (산업경영시스템학회지)

Society of Korea Industrial and System Engineering (한국산업경영시스템학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The Effects of Job-Seeking Stress, Appearance Recognition, Financial Distress, Trust in Government, and Locus of Control on University Students' Happiness

취업스트레스, 외모인식, 재무스트레스, 정부신뢰도, 내외통제성이 대학생의 행복에 미치는 영향

  • Kim, Min-Koo (Department of Industrial Engineering, Konkuk University) ;
  • Lee, Gyoung-Gun (Department of Industrial Engineering, Konkuk University) ;
  • Lee, Suk-Yong (Department of Industrial Engineering, Konkuk University) ;
  • Chun, Jun-Ha (Department of Industrial Engineering, Konkuk University) ;
  • Han, Yong-Hee (Department of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, Soongsil University)
  • 김민구 (건국대학교 산업공학과) ;
  • 이경근 (건국대학교 산업공학과) ;
  • 이석용 (건국대학교 산업공학과) ;
  • 전준하 (건국대학교 산업공학과) ;
  • 한용희 (숭실대학교 벤처중소기업학과)
  • Received : 2016.08.01
  • Accepted : 2017.11.28
  • Published : 2017.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Most people seek a happy life and happiness positively affects sentiment, satisfaction with life, creativity, human relationship, business productivity, and even health and life extension. However, according to a survey in 2013, subjective happiness of adolescents (including university students) was very low compared to other age groups in Korea. Therefore this paper examined the effects of job-seeking stress, appearance recognition, financial situation, trust in government, and locus of control on university students' happiness using SEM (structural equation modeling). 207 university students in Seoul, Korea have been surveyed. At first, an initial experimental SEM model among these variables has been set up and reliability analysis has been conducted. Then multiple regression analyses on job-seeking stress and happiness as well as SEM analysis have been conducted. As a result of these analyses, the SEM model has been revised two times. The final SEM model passed the goodness-of-fit test (using RMR, GFI, NFI, CFI, and IFI indices). The final SEM model showed the followings. First, Higher job-seeking stress (especially sentimental part, rather than environment or action related parts) negatively affects happiness. Second, Trust in government also affects happiness both directly and indirectly. Third, Locus of control is affected both by trust in government and financial situation. Fourth, appearance recognition heavily affects job-seeking stress. In addition, appearance importance is higher than appearance interest, meaning that students who are not very interested in appearance usually recognize the importance of appearance. Finally, happiness is affected neither financial situation nor appearance recognition. Therefore, even either they are in a poor financial situation or not happy with their appearance, they can be happy if they have firm locus of control.

Keywords

References

  1. Argyle, M., The psychology of happiness(2nd ed), Routledge, 2002.
  2. Bae, B.R., Structural equation modeling whit Amos 21, Seoul, Korea : Chungram, 2014.
  3. Cho, E.Y., Kim, J.A., Kim, J.Y., Kim, H.J., Ra, E.S., and Lee, H.Y., The factors influencing employment stress of nursing students, Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology, 2016, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 35-45. https://doi.org/10.17703/JCCT.2016.2.1.35
  4. Cho, S.H., The relative influence of Rotter's and Glasser's internal-external control upon adolescent's mental health, psychological well-being, and subjective well-being [dissertation], [Daegu, Korea] : Kyemyoung University, 2005.
  5. Cho, S.M., A structural relationship between young children's happiness and its variables : Temperament, parenting efficacy and ego-resilience [dissertation], [Gwangju, Korea] : Chonnam National University, 2005.
  6. Choi, H.J., A study on the stress involved in preparing for employment on college student's happiness : The moderating effects of social support, Studies on Korean Youth, 2013, Vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 157-184.
  7. Choi, M.H., Kim, J.H., Nam, E.S., Lee, Y.M., Hwang, J.H., Lee, M.K., Yoon, S.J., and Park, H.J., Factors affecting job-seeking stress in nursing students, Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing, 2015, Vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 122-131. https://doi.org/10.5807/kjohn.2015.24.2.122
  8. Choi, M.Y., The effect of university students' introversion- extroversion, appearance recognition, locus of control to the satisfaction of interpersonal relationship [master's thesis]. [Kimhae, Korea] : Inje University, 2012.
  9. Coffman, D.L. and Gilligan, T.D., Social support, stress and self-efficacy : Effects on student's satisfaction, Journal of College Student Retention, 2002, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 53-66. https://doi.org/10.2190/BV7X-F87X-2MXL-2B3L
  10. Cohen, S. and Hoberman, H.M., Positive events and social support as buffers on life change stress : maximizing the prediction of health outcome, Journal of Applied Psychology, 1982, Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 99-125.
  11. Cummins, R.A. and Nistico, H., Maintaining life satisfaction : The role of positive cognitive bias, Journal of Happiness Studies, 2002, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 37-69. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015678915305
  12. Diener, E., Scollon, C.N., and Lucas, R.E., The evolving concept of subjective well-being : The multifaceted nature of happiness, Advances in Cell Aging and Gerontology, 2003, Vol. 15, pp. 187-219.
  13. Dion, K.L. and Dion, K.K., Belief in a just world and physical attractiveness stereotyping, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1987, Vol. 52, No. 4, pp. 775-780. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.52.4.775
  14. Eysenck, H.J. and Lee, H.S., Cross-cultural study on the characteristics of personality dimensions-Korean & English, Korean Journal of Psychology, 1985, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 51-66.
  15. Eysenck, H.J., Manual of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (junior and adult), Hodder and Stoughton, 1975.
  16. Ha, Y.J., The relationship among self-esteem, internal locus of control, and psychological well-being : focusing on males and females in their 20s and 30s [dissertation], [Seoul, Korea] : Yonsei University, 2007.
  17. Han, G.E., The effects of the financial factors on the financial management behaviors of the college students [master's thesis], [Jeju, Korea] : Jeju National University, 2015.
  18. Han, S.S., Relationships between elementary school student's appearance recognition and satisfaction on selfconcept and mental health [master's thesis], [Chuncheon, Korea] : Chuncheon National University of Education, 2006.
  19. Hwang, J.W. and Kim K.H., The relationship between orientations to happiness and subjective well-being among university students, Korea Journal of Counseling, 2009, Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 57-71. https://doi.org/10.15703/kjc.10.1.200903.57
  20. Jang, J.W. and Lee, Y.J., The development and effects of the happiness improvement group counseling program for college students, The Korea Journal of Youth Counseling, 2009, Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 121-138.
  21. Jeon, H.S. and Lee, M.R., Influence of self-esteem and appearance satisfaction on job-seeking stress in nursing and health care related students, Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial Cooperation Society, 2017, Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 643-651.
  22. Jung, Y.N., A study on the effect of the group counseling program developed by applying reality therapy on the body image and depression of adolescent women, Child Health Nursing Research, 2001, Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 342-358.
  23. Kang, M.S., The differential effects of types of trust on happiness : Focused on social trust and trust in government [master's thesis], [Seoul, Korea] : Seoul National University, 2015.
  24. Kang, S.J., A study on the effects of economic stress on the psychological well-being of the college students : focusing on social activity participation and social support as a mediator [dissertation], [Chunan, Korea] : Baekseok University, 2011.
  25. Kim, B.J., A study of life events influenced on happiness of college students, Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology, 2011, Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 115-135.
  26. Kim, H.J., A study of differences in dysfunctional family structure and social problem-Solving ability in college students' ego-identity status [master's thesis], [Seoul, Korea] : Yonsei University, 1998.
  27. Kim, H.K., Development and Application of Trust in Government, Ministry of Government Administration and Home Affairs, 2003.
  28. Kim, J.E., Lee, E.S., and Kang, S.H., Life satisfaction index of Korean university students, Jipmoondang, 1997.
  29. Kim, J.H., Chang, K.C., Kim, S.H., Park, J.M., and Ha, C.H., Casual relationship analysis of winning factors in football game : structural equation model, Journal of the Society of Korea Industrial and Systems Engineering, 2015, Vol. 38, No. 2, pp. 101-107. https://doi.org/10.11627/jkise.2015.38.2.101
  30. Kim, K.S., The development and application of a program for college students' psychological well-being [dissertation], [Pusan, Korea] : Kyungsung University, 2006.
  31. Kim, M.J., Effects of appearance satisfaction of women in their 20s and 30s on psychological well-being and happiness [master's thesis], [Seoul, Korea] : Konkuk University, 2015.
  32. Kim, M.S. and Lim, J.Y., The structure of good life and the relationship with subjective well-being among college students : Focusing on gender difference, The Korean Journal of Woman Psychology, 2003, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 83-97.
  33. Kim, S.H. and Lee, S.H., The influence of job-seeking stress, career decision-making self-efficacy, self-esteem and academic achievement on nursing students' happiness, Korean Journal of Adult Nursing, 2015, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp. 63-72. https://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2015.27.1.63
  34. Kim, S.Y. and Hur, S., Research on employment stress and countermeasures of the graduators-to-be who majored in social work, Korean Journal of Social Welfare Education, 2009, Vol. 9, pp. 23-51.
  35. Kim, Y.H., The structural equation model validation of social anxiety, empathy, social skills, anger-expressive form, interpersonal relationships satisfaction affecting the euphoria of college students [master's thesis], [Kyoungsan, Korea] : Youngnam University, 2012.
  36. Kim, Y.J., Effects of liposuction on body image, selfesteem, and satisfaction with outcomes [master's thesis], [Seoul, Korea] : Yonsei University, 2006.
  37. Kwon, S.M., Psychology of human relationships, Seoul, Korea : Hakjisa, 2004.
  38. Lee, B.I., The analysis of job, self-efficacy, sex role identities, social contact according to university student's major and job choice [dissertation], [Seoul, Korea] : Sungkyunkwan University, 2000.
  39. Lee, E.H., A study on the effect of college student's appearance satisfaction, self-efficacy and interpersonal replationship satisfaction and interpersonal relationship satisfaction [master's thesis], [Seoul, Korea] : Seoul Hanyoung University, 2017.
  40. Lee, H.Y., Research methodology(2nd ed), Seoul, Korea : Chungram, 2012.
  41. Lee, I.J., Human behavior and social environment, Seoul, Korea : Nanam, 2007.
  42. Lee, J.H., The study of the financial distress, financial knowledge and financial management behaviors of college students [master's thesis], [Seoul, Korea] : Ehwa Women's University, 2014.
  43. Lee, K.H., The study of the relationship between satisfaction in appearance of perceived adolescence, perceived attitude of mother's rearing of children and depression of self-esteem [master's thesis], [Seoul, Korea] : Hanyang University, 2007.
  44. Lee, M.S., A study on the employment stress scale [master's thesis], [Daegu, Korea] : Kyungpook National University, 2011.
  45. Lee, O.H. and Ham, S.W., A study on influence factors of mobile healthcare service using structural equation modeling, Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial Cooperation Society, 2017, Vol. 18, No. 3, pp. 418-427. https://doi.org/10.5762/KAIS.2017.18.3.418
  46. Lennon, S.J., Rudd, N.A., Sloan, B., and Kim, J.S., Attitudes toward gender roles, self-esteem, and body image : Application of a model, Clothing and Textiles Research Journal, 1999, Vol. 17, No. 4, pp. 191-202. https://doi.org/10.1177/0887302X9901700403
  47. Lu, L., Personal or environmental causes of happiness : A longitudinal study, Journal of Social Psychology, 1999, Vol. 139, No. 1, pp. 79-90. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224549909598363
  48. Lyubomirsky, S., King, L., and Diener, E., The benefits of frequent positive affect : Does happiness lead to success?, Psychological Bulletin, 2005, Vol. 131, No. 6, pp. 803-855. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.131.6.803
  49. Myers, D.G., The pursuit of happiness: Discovering the pathway to fulfillment, well-being, and enduring personal joy, New York : HarperCollins, 2002.
  50. Newton, K., Trust, social capital, civil society, and democracy, International Political Science Review, 2001, Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 201-214. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192512101222004
  51. Oh, E.J. and Jeong, S.H., A qualitative analysis on the financial stress and happiness of married immigrant women, Korea FP Society, 2014, Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 73-92.
  52. Rotter, J., Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcements, Psychological monographs, 1966, Vol. 80, No. 1, pp. 1-28. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0092976
  53. Schneider, M., The quality of life in large American cities : Objective and subjective social indicators, Social Indicators Research, 1975, Vol. 1, No. 4, pp. 495-509. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00353066
  54. Seo, I.K. and Lee, Y.S., Effects of college students' hopelessness upon their happiness : Moderating effects of social support, 2016, Vol. 16, No. 6, pp. 193-204. https://doi.org/10.5392/JKCA.2016.16.06.193
  55. Seol, H.J., A study on appearance satisfaction and beauty behavior according to the sociocultural of the growing generation concerning appearance [dissertation], [Seoul, Korea] : Sungshin Women's University, 2010.
  56. Shin, H.Y., The influence of the urban households' financial status, financial communication and financial stress on financial satisfaction [dissertation], [Gwangju, Korea] : Cheonnam National University, 2014.
  57. Song, C.H. and Sohn, Y.M., Determinants of adolescents' happiness, 8th Korean Education and Employment Panel Conference, 2013, pp. 195-215.
  58. Suh, K.H., Relationships between stresses, problemfocused coping, upward/downard comparison coping and subjective well-being of college students. Korean Journal of Youth Studies, 2011, Vol. 18, No. 8, pp. 217-236.
  59. Yoo, I.A., Effects of physical image on psychological happiness and self efficacy to students who are majored in dance [master's thesis], [Seoul, Korea] : Kyung Hee University, 2011.

Cited by

  1. The Effects of Performance of Public Sector Health System on Quality of Life in China: Evidence from the CGSS2015 vol.17, pp.8, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082896