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Changes of Physical Structure of Hangang(Riv.) in Seoul City Area

서울시 구간 한강의 물리적 구조 변화에 관한 연구

  • Hong, Sukhwan (Department of Landscape Architecture, Pusan National University) ;
  • Yeum, Junghun (National Wetlands Center, National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Han, Bongho (Department of Landscape Architecture, University of Seoul)
  • 홍석환 (부산대학교 조경학과) ;
  • 염정헌 (국립환경과학원 국립습지센터) ;
  • 한봉호 (서울시립대학교 조경학과)
  • Received : 2017.08.01
  • Accepted : 2017.10.08
  • Published : 2017.11.30

Abstract

This study aims to set up the basic data to manage the waterfowl habitat through the analysis of the changes of physical structure according to the time series of Hangang(Riv.) as water birds' habitat. Study area was 41.5km in length from Paldang bridge to Hangju bridge. during total length of 497.52km and horizontal boundary was based on the protected lowland in year 1975. As the analysis result of land use from the center of water to adjacent road to the river, ratio of year 1975 was in order of sedimentary land(22.7%), surface water(20.7%), built-up area(16.9%), field(16.2%), paddy field(15.9%), and afterwards most of the areas were changed through the construction of arterial highway and submerged weir in order to use Hangang(Riv.). In year 1985, the area ratio of protected lowland(57.8%) and surface water(32.8%) dramatically increased. After construction of river bank the recreational areas continually increased and relatively natural areas decreased. In year 2005, the area ratio of protected lowland was enlarged to 57.6% and surface water also to 33.3%. While the length of both riversides and naturalness decreased by 10.9%, 91.5% respectively in year 2005 compared to year 1975, the depth of water increased by 1.46m. Comprehensively, the flow of changes by physical structure in Hangang(Riv.) for 30 years was divided into two periods. The main characteristics in the first period were decrease of riverside area and enlargement of the surface water through the massive construction before middle of year 1980, and afterwards revetments were intensively artificialized with changes of land use for amusement area. In terms of water fowl habitat, Hangang(Riv.) which previously had various types of habitat condition was changed into simplified habitat for few of species, and the active improvement apporach was needed for habitat diversity.

본 연구는 물새의 주요서식지인 한강의 물리적 구조 변화특성에 대한 시계열적분석을 실시함으로써 향후 물새서식지 복원 등 관리를 위한 기초자료를 구축하고자 하였다. 분석은 한강 전체 497.5km 중 서울 시내를 관통하는 구간인 상류부 팔당대교에서부터 하류부 행주대교까지 총 41.5km을 대상으로 하였고, 1975년을 기준하여 한강의 제외지를 대상으로 하였다. 토지이용분석결과, 1975년에는 퇴적지(22.7%), 수면(20.7%)을 포함하여 주변으로 시가화지역(16.9%), 밭(16.2%), 논(15.9%)이 주요 유형이었는데, 이후 대부분 지역의 토지이용을 위해 하천권역 내부로 간선도로가 조성되었고 수면 확대를 위해 수중보가 건설되면서 1985년에는 하천의 역할을 상실한 제내지(51.7%)가 급격히 증가하였다. 수면(32.8%)의 증가 또한 두드러졌으며, 제방의 축조와 수중보 조성 이후에는 토지이용의 급격한 변화보다는 조금씩 이용지역의 면적이 늘어나고 상대적으로 자연지역이 줄어드는 경향을 보였다. 2005년에는 제내지가 차지하는 비율이 57.7%까지 증가하였으며 수면은 33.3%로 증가하였다. 호안길이는 2005년 기준 1975년 대비 10.9% 감소하였으며, 자연호안의 길이는 91.5% 감소하였다. 반면 수심은 1.46m 증가한 것으로 분석되었다. 지난 30년간의 한강의 물리적 구조 변화의 흐름을 종합하면 1980년대 이전까지는 대규모 건설공사로 인한 수변구역의 축소와 수면부의 확장이 주로 진행되었으며 이후에는 호안의 인공화가 주로 진행된 흐름을 확인할 수 있었다. 서식처 측면에서 한강은 과거 다양한 서식환경을 유지하던 곳에서, 현재는 소수 물새류를 위한 단순한 서식지로 변화되어 서식처 다양성을 위한 적극적 개선이 필요한 것으로 판단되었다.

Keywords

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