DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Arthothelium punctatum (Arthoniaceae, Arthoniales), A New Lichen Species from South Korea

  • Park, Jung Shin (Korean Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National University) ;
  • Park, Sook-Young (Department of Plant Medicine, Sunchon National University) ;
  • Park, Chan-Ho (Korean Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National University) ;
  • Jang, Seol-Hwa (Korean Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National University) ;
  • Hur, Jae-Seoun (Korean Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National University)
  • Received : 2017.08.28
  • Accepted : 2017.10.01
  • Published : 2017.12.01

Abstract

A total of 121 species of lichens belonging to the genus Arthothelium have been described to date, most of which have been found in tropical regions. Here, we describe the discovery of a novel Arthothelium species for the first time in South Korea. Until now, Arthothelium ruanum was the only Arthothelium species reported in South Korea. Among the 113 specimens collected in this study, we identified A. ruanum and a putative new species, Arthothelium punctatum (J. S. Park & J.-S. Hur, sp. nov.). The diagnostic characters of A. punctatum are as follows: apothecia punctate, shortly elongate to branched, small, 0.1-0.2 mm wide, hypothecium hyaline to pale brown and obovate to broadly ellipsoid, muriform ascospores, $29.5-44.6{\times}12.2-18.2{\mu}m$. The new species was found in Mt. Seokbyeong at an altitude of 790 m on smooth bark. Upon phylogenic analysis, the putative new species, A. punctatum, was separated from other Arthothelium species although the specimens analyzed were clustered with Arthoniaceae in phylogenetic trees based on both the mitochondrial small subunit (mtSSU) sequence and combined mtSSU and nuclear ribosomal large subunit sequences. Our data clearly indicate that this species is a new species belonging to the family Arthoniaceae. To elucidate the taxonomic characteristics of the new species, we provide morphological descriptions and a distribution map.

Keywords

References

  1. Smith CW, Aptroot BJ, Coppins BJ, Fletcher A, Gilbert OL, James PW, Wolseley PA, Orange PW. Lichens of Great Britain and Ireland. 2nd ed. London: British Lichen Society; 2009.
  2. Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA. Dictionary of the fungi. 10th ed. Wallingford: CABI; 2008.
  3. Makhija U, Patwardhan PG. A new saxicolous species of Arthothelium. Lichenologist 1997;29:169-72. https://doi.org/10.1006/lich.1996.0068
  4. Aptroot A, Wirth V. A new saxicolous Arthothelium from the Namib desert. Lichenologist 2006;38:123-6. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282906005585
  5. Ertz D, Fryday AM. A remarkable, endohymenial species of Arthothelium (Arthoniales) from Campbell Island, New Zealand. Lichenologist 2017;49:93-7. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282916000554
  6. Sundin R, Tehler A. Phylogenetic studies of the genus Arthonia. Lichenologist 1998;30:381-413. https://doi.org/10.1006/lich.1998.0155
  7. Makhija U, Patwardhan PG. The lichen genus Arthothelium (family Arthoniaceae) in India. J Hattori Bot Lab 1995;(78): 189-235.
  8. Grube M, Giralt M. Studies on some species of Arthothelium occurring in the western Mediterranean. Lichenologist 1996; 28:15-36. https://doi.org/10.1006/lich.1996.0003
  9. Galloway DJ. Flora of New Zealand. Vols. 1 and 2. Lichens, including lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi. Lincoln: Manaaki Whenua Press, Landcare Research; 2007.
  10. Tehler A, Irestedt M. Parallel evolution of lichen growth forms in the family Roccellaceae (Arthoniales, Ascomycota). Cladistics 2007;23:432-54. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-0031.2007.00156.x
  11. Ertz D, Miadlikowska J, Lutzoni F, Dessein S, Raspé O, Vigneron N, Hofstetter V, Diederich P. Towards a new classification of the Arthoniales (Ascomycota) based on a three-gene phylogeny focussing on the genus Opegrapha. Mycol Res 2009;113(Pt 1):141-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mycres.2008.09.002
  12. Nelsen MP, Lücking R, Grube M, Mbatchou JS, Muggia L, Plata ER, Lumbsch HT. Unravelling the phylogenetic relationships of lichenised fungi in Dothideomyceta. Stud Mycol 2009;64:135-44. https://doi.org/10.3114/sim.2009.64.07
  13. Frisch A, Thor G, Ertz D, Grube M. The Arthonialean challenge: restructuring Arthoniaceae. Taxon 2014;63:727-44. https://doi.org/10.12705/634.20
  14. Joshi S, Kondratyuk SY, Crişan F, Jayalal U, Oh SO, Hur JS. New additions to lichen mycota of the Republic of Korea. Mycobiology 2013;41:177-82. https://doi.org/10.5941/MYCO.2013.41.4.177
  15. Kondratyuk SY, Lokos L, Tschabanenko S, Haji Moniri M, Farkas E, Wang X, Oh SO, Hur JS. New and noteworthy lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi. Acta Bot Hung 2013; 55:275-349. https://doi.org/10.1556/ABot.55.2013.3-4.9
  16. Yoshimura I. Lichen flora of Japan in color. Osaka: Hoikusha Publisher; 1994.
  17. Baral HO. Lugol's solution/IKI versus Melzer's reagent: hemiamyloidity, a universal feature of the ascus wall. Mycotaxon 1987;29:399-450.
  18. Zoller S, Scheidegger C, Sperisen S. PCR primers for the amplification of mitochondrial small subunit ribosomal DNA of lichen-forming ascomycetes. Lichenologist 1999;31:511-6. https://doi.org/10.1006/lich.1999.0220
  19. Liu YJ, Whelen S, Hall BD. Phylogenetic relationships among ascomycetes: evidence from an RNA polymerse II subunit. Mol Biol Evol 1999;16:1799-808. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026092
  20. Thompson JD, Higgins DG, Gibson TJ. CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Res 1994; 22:4673-80. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/22.22.4673