STI Policy Review

Science & Technology Policy Institute (과학기술정책연구원)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Opportunities for Joint Cooperation in R&D for FEALAC Countries: On Nanotechnology and Biotechnology

  • Published : 2016.10.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The general purpose of this paper is to identify opportunities for and to measure existing collaboration on research and development between institutions from the countries of Asia and Latin America in FEALAC's framework, in the fields of biotechnology and nanotechnology and their convergence. The methodological approach includes scientific and technological surveillance and research seeking to identify both the R&D and innovation capacities of the countries as well as the degree of international cooperation between countries of the two regions; case studies and a study of the governance framework of international collaboration in R&D about issues considered global challenges. The study has three main findings. First, nanotechnology, biotechnology and their convergence contribute to solving the problem of contamination by heavy metals affecting most of the countries that are part of FEALAC and to address problems arising from the accelerated rate of energy consumption, which also contributes to environmental damage. In this scenario, important business opportunities arise from the adaptation and development of bio-refinery technologies. Second, the scientific relationship between FEALAC countries, mainly between Asian and Latin American countries, is weak as can be seen in research for articles and patents. But there is plenty of room and potential for improvement. Third, current and upcoming joint R&D programs and projects should be linked both to existing governance structures and to new ones that serve as experiments of STI public policy regarding innovative management of intellectual property and capacity building. Practical implications are included in lessons learned and a set of recommendations involving a couple of proposals. One proposal calls for research and innovation in promising fields for international cooperation. Another proposal creates mechanisms in the governance framework for sharing knowledge, capacity building, and funding.

Keywords

References

  1. Bainbridge, W., & Roco, M. (2005). Managing nano-bio-info cogno innovations: Converging technologies in society. Dordrecht: Springer.
  2. Casals, E., Gonzalez, E., & Puntes, V. (2012a). Inorganic nanoparticles and the environment: Balancing benefits and risks. In D. Barcelo & M. Farre (Eds.), Comprehensive analytical chemistry vol. 59: Analysis and risk of nanomaterials in environmental and food samples (pp. 265-290). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
  3. Casals, E., Gonzalez, E., & Puntes, V. (2012b). Reactivity of inorganic nanoparticles in biological environments: Insights into nanotoxicity mechanisms. Journal Of Physics D: Applied Physics, 45(44), 1-45.
  4. Chesbrough, H. (2006). Open innovation: The new imperative for creating and profiting from technology. Boston: Harvard Business Scool Press.
  5. Duffus, J. H. (2002). "Heavy metals"-a meaningless term? (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure Appl. Chem., 74(5), 793-807. Also available at http://www.szennyviztudas.bme.hu/files/iupac%20heavy%20metals.pdf https://doi.org/10.1351/pac200274050793
  6. Fausto, S., & Mena-Chalco, J. (2015). Leadership among the leaders of the Brazilian research groups in marine biotechnology. ISSI Conference paper 814-815. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.1.1800.5607
  7. Group on Earth Observation (GEO). (2009). Strategic Targets: GEOSS Implementation by 2015. Geneve: GEO.
  8. Golden Rice Humanitarian Board (2016). Golden rice project. Retrieved from http://www.goldenrice.org/Content1-Who/who4_IP.php
  9. Gonzalez, E., Marrugo, J., & Martinez, V. (2015). The problem of mercury contamination. Nanotechnology: Challenges and possibilities for measurement and remediation (El Problema de contaminacion por Mercurio. Nanotecnologia: Retosy posibilidades para medicion y remediacion). Bogota: Red Nano Colombia.
  10. Hautea, R., & Cruz, M. V. (2007). New generation GM/Biotech crops (APSA Technical Report 47). Philippines: International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications (ISAAA). Retrieved from http://apsaseed.org/index.php/publications/publications-for-members/techical-reports/27-tr-no-47-new-generation-gm/file
  11. Hautea, R., & Escaler, M. (2004). Plant biotechnology in Asia. AgBioForum, 7(1&2), 2-8.
  12. Inter-American Development Bank. (2015). Rethinking productive development: Sound policies and institutions for economic transformation. Retrieved from https://publications.iadb.org/handle/11319/6633
  13. Jamier, V., Varon, M., Gonzalez, E., & Puentes, V. (2012). Designed synthesis of nanoparticles for a sustainable world. Nanotechnology Perceptions, 8(3), 205-214.
  14. Jarvis, S., & Richmond, N. (2011). Regulation and governance of nanotechnology in China: Regulatory challenges and effectiveness. European Journal of Law and Technology, 2(3), 1-11.
  15. Meyer, T. (2013). Epistemic institutions and epistemic cooperation in international environmental governance. Transnational Environmental Law, 2(1), 15-44. https://doi.org/10.1017/S2047102513000010
  16. Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible. MINAMBIENTE. (2016). Ministerio de ambiente y desarrollo sostenible de la Republica de Colombia. Retrieved on January 2016, https://www.minambiente.gov.co/index.php/component/content/article?id=1613:el-uso-sostenible-de-los-bosques-prioridad-de-minambiente-763
  17. National Science and Technology Council Committee on Technology. (2014). National nanotechnology initiative strategic plan. Retrieved from http://www.nano.gov/sites/default/files/pub_resource/ 2014_nni_strategic_plan.pdf
  18. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (2012). Meeting global challenges through better governance: International co-operation in science, technology and innovation. OECD Publishing. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264178700-en
  19. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). (2013). Innovation in Southeast Asia. Paris: OECD Pub-lisihing. DOI: 10.1787/19934211
  20. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development/Economic Commission for Latin America and the Carribean/ Cor poracion Andina de Fomento (OECD/ECLAC/CAF). (2015). Latin American economic outlook 2016: Towards a new partnership with China. Paris: OECD Publishing. Also available at http://www.oecd.org/publications/latin-american-economic-outlook-20725140.htm
  21. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development/United States National Nanotechnology Initiative (OECD/NNI) (2013). Symposium on assessing the economic impact of nanotechnology: Synthesis Report. Retrieved from https://www.oecd.org/sti/nano/Washington%20Symposium% 20Report_final.pdf
  22. Payumo, J., & Sutton, T. (2015). A bibliometric assessment of ASEAN's output, influence and collaboration in plant biotechnology. Scientometrics, 103(3), 554-559.
  23. Pearce, J. (2013). Open-source nanotechnology: Solutions to a modern intellectual property tragedy. Nano Today, 8(4), 339-341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nantod.2013.04.001
  24. RELX Group. (2016). Scopus. Retrieved on February 2016 from http://www.elsevier.com/online-tools/scopus
  25. Roco, M. (2005). International perspective on government nanotechnology funding in 2005. Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 7(6), 707-712. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-005-3141-5
  26. Sawada, Y., Matsuda, A., & Kimura, H. (2012). On the role of technical cooperation in international technology transfers. Journal of International Development, 24(3), 316-340. https://doi.org/10.1002/jid.1685
  27. Search Technology Inc. (2016). Vantage point. Retrieved on February 2016 from https://www.thevantagepoint.com/
  28. Stiglitz, J. (2012, May 18). A breakthrough opportunity for global health. Project syndicate. Retrieved from https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/a-breakthrough-opportunity-for-global-health?barrier=true
  29. Stiglitz, J., & Greenwald, B. (2014). Creating a learning society: A new approach to growth, development and social progress. New York: Kenneth J. Arrow Lecture Series.
  30. Tang, L., & Shapira, P. (2011). Regional development and interregional collaboration in the growth of nanotechnology research in China. Scientometrics, 86(2), 299-315. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-010-0274-9
  31. Thomson Reuters. (2016). Thomson innovation. Retrieved on February 2016 from http://www.thomsoninnovation.com
  32. World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) (2016). Transfer of technology. Retrieved on February 2016 from http://www.wipo.int/patents/en/topics/technology_transfer.html