Smart Structures and Systems

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Seismic responses of asymmetric steel structures isolated with the TCFP subjected to mathematical near-fault pulse models

  • Tajammolian, H. (Faculty of Civil Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic)) ;
  • Khoshnoudian, F. (Faculty of Civil Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic)) ;
  • Bokaeian, V. (Faculty of Civil Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic))
  • Received : 2016.01.18
  • Accepted : 2016.07.09
  • Published : 2016.11.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

In this paper, the effects of mass eccentricity of superstructure as well as stiffness eccentricity of isolators on the amplification of seismic responses of base-isolated structures are investigated by using mathematical near-fault pulse models. Superstructures with 3, 6 and 9 stories and aspect ratios equal to 1, 2 and 3 are mounted on a reasonable variety of Triple Concave Friction Pendulum (TCFP) bearings considering different period and damping ratio. Three-dimensional linear superstructure mounted on nonlinear isolators are subjected to simplified pulses including fling step and forward directivity while various pulse period ($T_p$) and Peak Ground Velocity (PGV) amounts as two crucial parameters of these pulses are scrutinized. Maximum isolator displacement and base shear as well as peak superstructure acceleration and drift are selected as the main engineering demand parameters. The results indicate that the torsional intensification of different demand parameters caused by superstructure mass eccentricity is more significant than isolator stiffness eccentricity. The torsion due to mass eccentricity has intensified the base shear of asymmetric 6-story model 2.55 times comparing to symmetric one. In similar circumstances, the isolator displacement and roof acceleration are increased 49 and 116 percent respectively in the presence of mass eccentricity. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that torsional effects of mass eccentricity can force the drift to reach the allowable limit of ASCE 7 standard in the presence of forward directivity pulses.

Keywords

References

  1. Agrawal, A.K. and He, W.L. (2002), "A closed-form approximation of near-fault ground motion pulses for flexible structures", Proceedings of the 15th ASCE engineering mechanics conference, Columbia University, New York, NY.
  2. AISC (2010), "Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings", ANSI/AISC 341-10, American Institute of Steel Construction, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
  3. AISC (2010), "Specification for Structural Steel Buildings", ANSI/AISC 360-10, American Institute of Steel Construction, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
  4. Akkar, S., Yazgan, U. and Gulkan, P. (2005), "Drift estimates in frame buildings subjected to near-fault ground motions", J. Struct. Eng. -ASCE, 131(7), 1014-1024. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2005)131:7(1014)
  5. Alavi, B. and Krawinkler, H. (2004), "Behavior of moment-resisting frame structures subjected to near-Field ground motions", Earthq. Eng. Struct. D., 33, 687-706. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.369
  6. Almazan, J.L. and De la Dlera, J.C. (2003), "Accidental torsion due to overturning in nominally symmetric structures isolated with the FPS", Earthq. Eng. Struct. D., 32, 919-948. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.255
  7. ASCE 7-10 (2010), "Minimum Design Loads for Building and Other Structures", ASCE/SEI 7-10, American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, Virginia, USA.
  8. Bagheri, M. and Khoshnoudian, F. (2014), "The effect of impact with adjacent structure on seismic behavior of base-isolated buildings with DCFP bearings", Struct. Eng. Mech., 51(2), 277-297. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2014.51.2.277
  9. Baker, J.W. (2007), "Quantitative classification of near-fault ground motions using wavelet analysis", Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 97(5), 1486-1501. https://doi.org/10.1785/0120060255
  10. Becker, T.C. and Mahin, S.A. (2012), "Experimental and analytical study of the bi-directional behavior of the triple friction pendulum isolator", Earthq. Eng. Struct. D., 41, 355-373. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.1133
  11. Becker, T.C. and Mahin, S.A. (2013), "Approximating peak responses in seismically isolated buildings using generalized modal analysis", Earthq. Eng. Struct. D., 42, 1807-1825. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2299
  12. Bertero, V., Mahin, S. and Herrera, R. (1978), "Aseismic design implications of near-fault San Fernando earthquake records", Earthq. Eng. Struct. D., 6(1), 31-42. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4290060105
  13. Dao, N.D., Ryan, K.L., Sao, E. and Sasaki, T. (2013), "Predicting the displacement of triple pendulum bearings in a full-scale shaking experiment using a three-dimensional element", Earthq. Eng. Struct. D., 42, 1677-1695. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2293
  14. De la Llera JC, Almazan JL. (2003) "An Experimental Study of Nominally Symmetric and Asymmetric Structures Isolated with the FPS", Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics 32: 891-918. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.254
  15. De la Llera, J.C. and Chopra, A.K. (1994), "Accidental torsion in buildings due to base rotational excitation", Earthq. Eng. Struct. D., 23, 1003-1021. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4290230906
  16. Dicleli, M. (2007), "Supplemental elastic stiffness to reduce isolator displacements for seismic-isolated bridges in near-fault zones", Eng. Struct., 29, 763-775. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2006.06.013
  17. Dicleli, M. and Buddaram, S. (2007), "Equivalent linear analysis of seismic-isolated bridges subjected to near-fault ground motions with forward rupture directivity effect", Eng. Struct., 29, 21-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2006.04.004
  18. Fallahian, M., Khosnoudian, F. and Loghman, V. (2015), "Torsionally seismic behavior of triple concave friction pendulum bearing ", Adv. Struct. Eng., Accepted in Press.
  19. Fenz, D. and Constantinou, M.C. (2008a), "Mechanical behavior of multi-spherical sliding bearings", Technical Report No. MCEER-08/0007, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo. New York, USA.
  20. Fenz, D. and Constantinou, M.C. (2008b), "Modeling triple friction pendulum bearings for response history analysis", Earthq. Spectra, 24, 1011-1028. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.2982531
  21. Galal, K. and Naemi, M. (2008), "Effect of soil conditions on the response of reinforced concrete tall structures to near-fault earthquakes", Struct. Des. Tall Spec., 17, 541-562. https://doi.org/10.1002/tal.365
  22. Ghahari, S.F. and Khaloo, A.R. (2013), "Considering rupture directivity effects, which structures should be named 'Long-Period Buildings'?", Struct. Des. Tall Spec., 22, 165-178. https://doi.org/10.1002/tal.667
  23. Hall, J.F., Heaton, T.H., Halling, M.W. and Wald, D.J. (1995), "Near-source ground motion and its effects on flexible buildings", Earthq. Spectra, 11(4), 569-605. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1585828
  24. Jangid, R.S. (2005), "Optimum friction pendulum system for near-fault motions", Eng. Struct., 27, 349-359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2004.09.013
  25. Jangid, R.S. and Datta, T.K. (1995), "Performance of base isolation systems for asymmetric building subjected to random excitation", Eng. Struct., 17(6), 443-454. https://doi.org/10.1016/0141-0296(95)00054-B
  26. Jangid, R.S. and Kelly, J.M. (2001), "Base isolation for near-fault motions", Earthq. Eng. Struct. D., 30, 691-707. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.31
  27. Kalkan, E. and Kunnath, S.K. (2006), "Effects of fling step and forward directivity on seismic response of buildings", Earthq. Spectra, 22, 367-390. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.2192560
  28. Khoshnoudian, F. and Ahmadi, E. (2013), "Effects of pulse period of near-field ground motions on the seismic demands of soil-MDOF structure systems using mathematical pulse models", Earthq. Eng. Struct. D., 42(11), 1565-1582. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2287
  29. Khoshnoudian, F. and Azizi, N. (2007), "Nonlinear response of a torsionally coupled base-isolated structure", Proceedings of the ICE - Structures and Buildings, 160, 207-219.
  30. Khoshnoudian, F. and Imani Azad, A. (2011), "Effect of two horizontal components of earthquake on nonlinear response of torsionally coupled base isolated structures", Struct. Des. Tall Spec., 20, 986-1018. https://doi.org/10.1002/tal.571
  31. Khoshnoudian, F. and Motamedi, D. (2013), "Seismic response of asymmetric steel isolated structures considering vertical component of earthquakes", J. Civil Eng. - KSCE, 17(6), 1333-1347. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-013-0115-5
  32. Khoshnoudian, F. and Rabiei, M. (2010), "Seismic response of double concave friction pendulum base-isolated structures considering vertical component of earthquake", Adv. Struct. Eng., 13(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1260/1369-4332.13.1.1
  33. Khoshnoudian, F. and Rezai Haghdoost, V. (2009), "Responses of pure-friction sliding structures to three components of earthquake excitation considering variations in the coefficient of friction", Scientia Iranica, Transaction A: Civil Engineering, 16(6), 429-442.
  34. Kilar, V. and Koren, D. (2009), "Seismic behaviour of asymmetric base isolated structures with various distributions of isolators", Eng. Struct., 31, 910-921. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2008.12.006
  35. Krawinkler, H. and Alavi, B. (1998), "Development of an improved design procedure for near-fault ground motions", SMIP 98 seminar on utilization of strong motion data, Oakland, CA.
  36. Loghman, V. and Khoshnoudian, F. (2015), "Comparison of seismic behavior of long period SDOF systems mounted on friction isolators under near-field earthquakes", Smart Struct. Syst., Accepted in Press.
  37. Masaeli, H., Khoshnoudian, F. and Hadikhan Tehrani, M. (2014), "Rocking isolation of nonductile moderately tall buildings subjected to bidirectional near-fault ground motions", Eng. Struct., 80, 298-315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2014.08.053
  38. Morgan, T. and Mahin, S.A. (2010), "Achieving reliable seismic performance enhancement using multi-stage friction pendulum isolators", Earthq. Eng. Struct. D., 39, 1443-1461. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.1043
  39. Morgan, T.A. and Mahin, S.A. (2011), "The Use of Base Isolation Systems to Achieve Complex Seismic Performance Objectives", Report No. PEER-2011/06, Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER), Berkeley, CA, USA.
  40. Panchal, V.R. and Jangid, R.S. (2008), "Variable friction pendulum system for near-fault ground motions", Struct. Control Health Monit., 15, 568-584. https://doi.org/10.1002/stc.216
  41. Picazo, Y., Lopez, O.D. and Esteva, L. (2015), "Seismic reliability analysis of buildings with torsional eccentricities", Earthq. Eng. Struct. D., 44, 1219-1234. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2509
  42. Rabiei, M. and Khoshnoudian, F. (2011), "Response of multi-story friction pendulum base-isolated buildings including the vertical component of earthquake", Canadian J. Civil Eng., 38, 1045-1059. https://doi.org/10.1139/l11-064
  43. Rabiei, M. and Khoshnoudian, F. (2013), "Seismic response of elevated liquid storage tanks using double concave friction pendulum bearings with tri-linear behavior", Adv. Struct. Eng., 16(2), 315-338. https://doi.org/10.1260/1369-4332.16.2.315
  44. Ryan, K.L. and Chopra, A.K. (2006), "Estimating bearing response in symmetric and asymmetric-plan isolated buildings with rocking and torsion", Earthq. Eng. Struct. D., 35, 1009-1036. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.569
  45. Sarlis, A.A. and Constantinou, M.C. (2013), "Model of Triple Friction Pendulum Bearing for General Geometric and Frictional Parameters and for Uplift Conditions" Report No. MCEER-13-0010, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo. New York, USA.
  46. Sasani, M. and Bertero, V. (2000), "Importance of severe pulse-type ground motion in performance-based engineering: Historical and critical review", Proceedings of the 12th world conference on earthquake engineering, New Zealand, Paper No.8.
  47. Siringurino, D.M. and Fujino, Y. (2015), "Seismic response analyses of an asymmetric base-isolated building during the 2011 Great East Japan (Tohoku) earthquake", Struct. Control Health Monit., 22, 71-90. https://doi.org/10.1002/stc.1661
  48. Tajammolian, H., Khoshnoudian, F. and Partovi Mehr, N. (2016), "Seismic responses of isolated structures with mass asymmetry mounted on TCFP subjected to near-fault ground motions", Int. J. Civil Eng., DOI 10.1007/s40999-016-0047-9.
  49. Tajammolian, H., Khoshnoudian, F., Talaei, S. and Loghman, V. (2014), "The effects of peak ground velocity of near-field ground motions on the seismic responses of base-isolated structures mounted on friction bearings", Earthq. Struct., 7(6), 1259-1282. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2014.7.6.1259
  50. Tena-Colunga, A. and Escamilla-Cruz, J. (2007), "Torsional amplifications in asymmetric base isolated structures", Eng. Struct., 29(2), 237-247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2006.03.036
  51. Tena-Colunga, A. and Gomez-Soberon, L. (2002), "Torsional response of base isolated structures due to asymmetries in the superstructure", Eng. Struct., 24, 1587-1599. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(02)00102-5
  52. Tena-Colunga, A. and Zambrana-Rojas, C. (2006), "Dynamic torsion amplifications in asymmetric base isolated structures with an eccentric isolation system", Eng. Struct., 28(3), 72-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2005.07.003
  53. Zayas, V.A., Low, S.S. and Mahin, S.A. (1987), "The SFP Earthquake Resisting System: Experimental Report", Report No. UCB/EERC-87/01, Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
  54. Zayas, V.A., Low, S.S., Bozzo, L. and Mahin, S.A. (1989), "Feasibility and Performance Studies on Improving the Earthquake Resistance of New and Existing Buildings Using the Friction Pendulum System", Report No. UCB/EERC-89/09, Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
  55. Zhang, J. and Tang, Y. (2009), "Dimensional analysis of structures with translating and rocking foundations under near-fault ground motions", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 29, 1330-1346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2009.04.002

Cited by

  1. Seismic Fragility Assessment of Asymmetric Structures Supported on TCFP Bearings Subjected to Near-field Earthquakes vol.13, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2017.11.004
  2. Reliability of Symmetric and Asymmetric Structures Mounted on TCFP Base Isolators Subjected to Near-Field Earthquakes vol.32, pp.4, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0001182
  3. Effects of vertical component of near-field ground motions on seismic responses of asymmetric structures supported on TCFP bearings vol.20, pp.6, 2016, https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2017.20.6.641
  4. Seismic Performance Evaluation of Building-Damper System under Near-Fault Earthquake vol.2020, pp.None, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/2763709
  5. Wave shape analysis of seismic records at borehole of TTRH02 and IWTH25 (KiK-net) vol.18, pp.3, 2016, https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2020.18.3.297