DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Three dimensional modelling of ancient colonnade structural systems subjected to harmonic and seismic loading

  • Sarhosis, V. (School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University) ;
  • Asteris, P.G. (Computational Mechanics Laboratory, School of Pedagogical and Technological Education) ;
  • Mohebkhah, A. (Structural Eng. Div., Faculty of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Malayer University) ;
  • Xiao, J. (State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University) ;
  • Wang, T. (State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University)
  • Received : 2016.04.05
  • Accepted : 2016.08.03
  • Published : 2016.11.25

Abstract

One of the major threats to the stability of classical columns and colonnades are earthquakes. The behavior of columns under high seismic excitation loads is non-linear and complex since rocking, wobbling and sliding failure modes can occur. Therefore, three dimensional simulation approaches are essential to investigate the in-plane and out-of-plane response of such structures during harmonic and seismic loading excitations. Using a software based on the Distinct Element Method (DEM) of analysis, a three dimensional numerical study has been performed to investigate the parameters affecting the seismic behaviour of colonnades' structural systems. A typical section of the two-storey colonnade of the Forum in Pompeii has been modelled and studied parametrically, in order to identify the main factors affecting the stability and to improve our understanding of the earthquake behaviour of such structures. The model is then used to compare the results between 2D and 3D simulations emphasizing the different response for the selected earthquake records. From the results analysis, it was found that the high-frequency motion requires large base acceleration amplitude to lead to the collapse of the colonnade in a shear-slip mode between the drums. However, low-frequency harmonic excitations are more prominent to cause structural collapse of the two-storey colonnade than the high-frequency ones with predominant rocking failure mode. Finally, the 2D analysis found to be unconservative since underestimates the displacement demands of the colonnade system when compared with the 3D analysis.

Keywords

References

  1. Adam, J.P. (1989), "Observazioni tecniche sugli effetti del terremoto di Pompei del 62 d.C.", Ed. E. Guidoboni, I terremoti prima del Mille in Italia e nell'area mediterranea, SGA. (in Italian)
  2. Angrisania, C., Calcaterra, D., Colella, A. and De' Gennaro, M. (2010), "Stone properties and weathering phenomena of the Miocene Cusano Limestones (a.k.a. Perlato Royal Coreno): The case of the basement of the Santa Chiara Monastery bell tower (Naples - Italy)", Period Mineral, Special Issue, 1-10.
  3. Asteris, P.G., Sarhosis, V., Mohebkhah, A., Plevris, V., Papaloizou, L., Komodromos, P. and Lemos, J.V. (2015), "Numerical modeling of historic masonry structures", Eds. Asteris, P. and Plevris, V., Handbook of Research on Seismic Assessment and Rehabilitation of Historic Structures, 213-256, doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-8286-3.ch007.
  4. Azevedo, J.J., Sincraian, G.E. and Lemos, J.V. (2000), "Seismic behavior of blocky masonry structures", Earthq. Spectra, 16(2), 337-65. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1586116
  5. Claxton, M., Hart, R.A., McCombie, P.F. and Walker, P.J. (2005), "Rigid block distinct-element modeling of dry-stone retaining walls in plane strain", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 131(3), 381-389. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2005)131:3(381)
  6. Cundall, P.A. (1971), "A computer model for simulating progressive large scale movements in blocky rock systems", Proceedings of the Symposium of the International Society of Rock Mechanics, Nancy, France, 1, Paper No II-8.
  7. Dorosos, V. and Anastasopoulos, I. (2014), "Shaking table testing of multidrum columns and portals", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 40(11), 1703-1723.
  8. Dorosos, V. and Anastasopoulos. I. (2015), "Experimental investigation of the seismic response of classical temple columns", Bull. Earthq. Eng., 13(1), 299-310. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-014-9608-y
  9. Giamundo V., Sarhosis V., Lignola G.P. and Cosenza E. (2014), "Discrete element modelling of the archaeological colonnade in Pompeii", 9th International Masonry Conference, Guimaraes, Portugal.
  10. Giordano, A., Mele, E. and Luca, A. (2002), "Modelling of historical masonry structures: Comparison of different approaches through a case study", Eng. Struct., 24(8), 1057-1069. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(02)00033-0
  11. Itasca (1998), 3DEC: 3-Dimensional Distinct Element Code, Theory and Background, Itasca Consulting Group, Minneapolis, USA.
  12. Itasca (2004), UDEC - Universal Distinct Element Code Manual, Theory and Background, Itasca Consulting Group, Minneapolis, USA.
  13. Kastemeier, P., Di Maio, G., Balassone, G., Boni, M., Joachimski, M. and Mondillo N. (2010), "The source of stone building materials from the Pompeii archaeological area and its surroundings", Period Mineral, Special Issue, 39-58.
  14. Komodromos, P., Papaloizou, L. and Polycarpou, P. (2008), "Simulation of the response of ancient columns under harmonic and earthquake excitations", Eng. Struct., 30(8), 2154-2164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2007.11.004
  15. Konstantinidis, D. and Makris, N. (2005), "Seismic response analysis of multidrum classical columns", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 34(10), 1243-1270. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.478
  16. Lemos, J.V. (1997), "Discrete element modeling of the seismic behavior of stone masonry arches", Eds. Pande, Middleton, Kralj, Computer Methods in Structural Masonry- 4. E and FN SPON, 220-227.
  17. Lemos, J.V. (2007), "Discrete element modelling of masonry structures", Int. J. Arch. Heritage, 1(2), 190-213. https://doi.org/10.1080/15583050601176868
  18. Maiuri, A. (1942), "L'ultima fase edilizia di Pompei", Istituto di Studi Romani, Roma, 25-30. (in Italian)
  19. Mohebkhah, A. and Sarv-cheraghi, A.A. (2014), "Nonlinear analysis of unreinforced masonry buildings using distinct element method", Modares Civil Eng. J., 15(3), 85-92.
  20. Papaloizou, L. and Komodromos, P. (2009), "Planar investigation of the seismic response of ancient columns and colonnades with epistyles using a custom-made software", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 29(11-12), 1437-1454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2009.06.001
  21. Papaloizou, L. and Komodromos, P. (2012), "Investigating the seismic response of ancient multi-drum colonnades with two rows of columns using an object-oriented designed software", Adv. Eng. Softw., 44(1), 136-149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advengsoft.2011.05.030
  22. Papantonopoulos, C., Psycharis, I.N., Papastamatiou, D.Y., Lemos, J.V. and Mouzakis, H.P. (2002), "Numerical prediction of the earthquake response of classical columns using the distinct element method", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 31(9), 1699-1717. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.185
  23. Psycharis, I.N., Fragiadakis, M. and Stefanou, I., (2013), "Seismic reliability assessment of classical columns subjected to near-fault ground motions", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 42(14), 2061-2079.
  24. Psycharis, I.N., Lemos, J.V., Papastamatiou, D.Y., Zambas, C. and Papantonopoulos, C. (2003), "Numerical study of the seismic behaviour of a part of the Parthenon Pronaos", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 32(13), 2063-2084. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.315
  25. Psycharis, I.N., Papastamatiou, D.Y. and Alexandris, A.P. (2000), "Parametric investigation of the stability of classical columnsunder harmonic and earthquake excitations", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 29(8), 1093-1109. https://doi.org/10.1002/1096-9845(200008)29:8<1093::AID-EQE953>3.0.CO;2-S
  26. Sarhosis (2011), "Computational modelling of low bond strength masonry", PhD Thesis, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
  27. Sarhosis V., Lignola, G.P. and Asteris, P.G. (2015) "Seismic Vulnerability of Ancient Colonnade: Two storey colonnade of the Forum in Pompeii", Seismic Assessment and Rehabilitation of Historic Structures, Eds. Plevris, V. and Asteris, P., IGI Global, 331-358, doi: 10.4018/978-1-4666-8286-3.ch011.
  28. Sarhosis V., Oliveira D.V., Lemos J.V. and Lourenco P. (2014), "The effect of the angle of skew on the mechanical behaviour of arches", J. Mech. Res. Commun., 61, 53-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mechrescom.2014.07.008
  29. Sarhosis, V. and Sheng, Y. (2014) "Identification of material parameters for low bond strength masonry", Eng. Struct., 60(1), 100-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2013.12.013
  30. Sarhosis, V., Asteris, P., Wang, T., Hu, W. and Han, Y. (2016), "On the stability of colonnade structural systems under static and dynamic loading conditions", Bull. Earthq. Eng., 14(4), 1131-1152. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-016-9881-z
  31. Sauve, R.G. and Metzger, D. (1995), "Advances in dynamic relaxation techniques for nonlinear finite element analysis", Tran. ASME, 117, 170-176.
  32. Sincraian, G.E., Lemos, J.V. and Oliveira, C.S. (1998), "Assessment of the seismic behavior of stone masonry aqueduct using the discrete element method", Proc. 11th European Conference on Earthquake Engineering.
  33. Toth, A.R., Orban, Z. and Bagi, K. (2009), "Discrete element analysis of a masonry arch", Mech. Res. Commun., 36(4), 469-480. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mechrescom.2009.01.001

Cited by

  1. Investigation of the Seismic Behavior of a Historical Masonry Minaret Considering the Interaction with Surrounding Structures 2017, https://doi.org/10.1080/13632469.2017.1309725
  2. Non-linear static behaviour of ancient free-standing stone columns vol.170, pp.6, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1680/jstbu.16.00071
  3. Effect of the Drum Height on the Seismic Behaviour of a Free-Standing Multidrum Column vol.2018, pp.1687-8442, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/5729068
  4. Stochastic Vulnerability Assessment of Masonry Structures: Concepts, Modeling and Restoration Aspects vol.9, pp.2, 2019, https://doi.org/10.3390/app9020243
  5. Bearing capacity of strip footings on a stone masonry trench in clay vol.13, pp.2, 2016, https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2017.13.2.255
  6. Nonlinear analysis of contemporary and historic masonry vaulted elements externally strengthened by FRP vol.65, pp.5, 2016, https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2018.65.5.611
  7. Behavior of traditional Chinese mortise-tenon joints: Experimental and numerical insight for coupled vertical and reversed cyclic horizontal loads vol.30, pp.None, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2020.101257
  8. Seismic Behavior of the Cube of Zoroaster Tower Using the Discrete Element Method vol.15, pp.8, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1080/15583058.2019.1650135