Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society (대한족부족관절학회지)

Korean Foot & Ankle Society (대한족부족관절학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Diagnosis of Flatfoot Deformity

편평족의 진단

  • Lee, Tae Hoon (Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine) ;
  • Chay, Suh Woo (Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Hak Jun (Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine)
  • 이태훈 (고려대학교 의과대학 구로병원 정형외과학교실) ;
  • 최서우 (고려대학교 의과대학 구로병원 정형외과학교실) ;
  • 김학준 (고려대학교 의과대학 구로병원 정형외과학교실)
  • Received : 2016.01.17
  • Accepted : 2016.02.16
  • Published : 2016.03.15
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Flatfoot is defined as loss of medial arch with hindfoot valgus, but normal condition is obscure due to wide individual variance. Loss or decreasing of medial longitudinal arch with radiographic image is clinically diagnosed as flatfoot. Flatfoot without symptoms is not an indication for treatment. The etiologies of flatfoot are congenital cause, hypermobility, tarsal coalition, neuromuscular disease, post-traumatic deformity, Charcot arthropathy, and posterior tibial tendon dysfuction. The flatfoot is classified as congenital and acquired, flexible, and rigid. The diagnosis is made by physical examination and radiographic findings. In particular, the posterior tibial tendon dysfunction is known as adult acquired flatfoot.

Keywords

References

  1. Rose GK, Welton EA, Marshall T. The diagnosis of flat foot in the child. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1985;67:71-8.
  2. Harris EJ, Vanore JV, Thomas JL, Kravitz SR, Mendelson SA, Mendicino RW, et al; Clinical Practice Guideline Pediatric Flatfoot Panel of the American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons. Diagnosis and treatment of pediatric flatfoot. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2004;43:341-73. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jfas.2004.09.013
  3. Staheli LT, Chew DE, Corbett M. The longitudinal arch. A survey of eight hundred and eighty-two feet in normal children and adults. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1987;69:426-8. https://doi.org/10.2106/00004623-198769030-00014
  4. Anderson M, Blais MM, Green WT. Lengths of the growing foot. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1956;38:998-1000. https://doi.org/10.2106/00004623-195638050-00004
  5. Johnson KA, Strom DE. Tibialis posterior tendon dysfunction. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1989;(239):196-206.
  6. Dyal CM, Feder J, Deland JT, Thompson FM. Pes planus in patients with posterior tibial tendon insufficiency: asymptomatic versus symptomatic foot. Foot Ankle Int. 1997;18:85-8. https://doi.org/10.1177/107110079701800208
  7. Ferciot CF. The etiology of developmental flatfoot. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1972;85:7-10. https://doi.org/10.1097/00003086-197206000-00003
  8. Miller M, Dobbs MB. Congenital vertical talus: etiology and management. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2015;23:604-11. https://doi.org/10.5435/JAAOS-D-14-00034
  9. Lee MS, Vanore JV, Thomas JL, Catanzariti AR, Kogler G, Kravitz SR, et al; Clinical Practice Guideline Adult Flatfoot Panel. Diagnosis and treatment of adult flatfoot. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2005;44:78-113. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jfas.2004.12.001
  10. Kim SJ, Lee BG, Sung IH. Adult flatfoot. J Korean Med Assoc. 2014;57:243-52. https://doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2014.57.3.243
  11. Sung KS, Yu IS. Acquired adult flatfoot: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and nonoperative treatment. J Korean Foot Ankle Soc. 2014;18:87-92. https://doi.org/10.14193/jkfas.2014.18.3.87
  12. Ahn CY, Ahn JH, Kim MS. Operative treatment of acquired adult flatfoot. J Korean Foot Ankle Soc. 2014;18:93-9. https://doi.org/10.14193/jkfas.2014.18.3.93
  13. Durrant B, Chockalingam N, Morriss-Roberts C. Assessment and diagnosis of posterior tibial tendon dysfunction: do we share the same opinions and beliefs? J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. Published online July 22, 2015; doi: 10.7547/14-122.1.
  14. Sullivan JA, Miller WA. The relationship of the accessory navicular to the development of the flat foot. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1979;(144):233-7.
  15. Kiter E, Gunal I, Karatosun V, Korman E. The relationship between the tibialis posterior tendon and the accessory navicular. Ann Anat. 2000;182:65-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0940-9602(00)80130-2
  16. Arnoldner MA, Gruber M, Syre S, Kristen KH, Trnka HJ, Kainberger F, Bodner G. Imaging of posterior tibial tendon dysfunction: comparison of high-resolution ultrasound and 3T MRI. Eur J Radiol. 2015;84:1777-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2015.05.021
  17. Chadha H, Pomeroy G, Manoli A 2nd. Radiologic signs of unilateral pes planus. Foot Ankle Int. 1997;18:603-4. https://doi.org/10.1177/107110079701800915
  18. Hsu TC, Wang CL, Wang TG, Chiang IP, Hsieh FJ. Ultrasonographic examination of the posterior tibial tendon. Foot Ankle Int. 1997;18:34-8. https://doi.org/10.1177/107110079701800107
  19. Niki H, Ching RP, Kiser P, Sangeorzan BJ. The effect of posterior tibial tendon dysfunction on hindfoot kinematics. Foot Ankle Int. 2001;22:292-300. https://doi.org/10.1177/107110070102200404
  20. Park H, Hwang JH, Seo JO, Kim HW. The relationship between accessory navicular and flat foot: a radiologic study. J Pediatr Orthop. 2015;35:739-45. https://doi.org/10.1097/BPO.0000000000000359

Cited by

  1. Inter- and Intra- Rater Reliability of Navicular Drop Tests Position vol.26, pp.1, 2016, https://doi.org/10.26862/jkpts.2019.06.26.1.9