DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

우리나라 주요 국제항에 입항하는 일본 기원 선박의 평형수내 환경 및 부유생물 특성

Characteristics of environmental condition and planktonic organisms in ship's ballast water originating from international ports of Japan

  • 장풍국 (한국해양과학기술원 남해연구소) ;
  • 백승호 (한국해양과학기술원 남해연구소) ;
  • 장민철 (한국해양과학기술원 남해연구소) ;
  • 현봉길 (한국해양과학기술원 남해연구소) ;
  • 신경순 (한국해양과학기술원 남해연구소)
  • Jang, Pung-Guk (South Sea Institute, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology) ;
  • Baek, Seung Ho (South Sea Institute, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology) ;
  • Jang, Min-Chl (South Sea Institute, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology) ;
  • Hyun, Bong-Gil (South Sea Institute, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology) ;
  • Shin, Kyoungsoon (South Sea Institute, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology)
  • 투고 : 2016.06.16
  • 심사 : 2016.09.09
  • 발행 : 2016.09.30

초록

본 연구는 우리나라 주요 국제항에 입항하는 일본기원의 선박을 대상으로 선박평형수내 환경 및 부유생물의 특성을 파악하여 선박평형수 처리장치(BWTS) 면제 협상을 위한 기초자료를 확보하고자 하였다. 조사된 22척의 선박 중 평형수의 보관 기간은 큐슈와 세토 내만(지역 "A")에서 평균 $3.33{\pm}1.87days$로 가장 짧았다. 총부유물질의 농도는 $4.60{\sim}60.9mg\;L^{-1}$의 범위를 보였고, 용존성 및 입자성 유기물질은 각각 $0.97{\sim}2.69mg\;L^{-1}$, $0.24{\sim}4.51mg\;L^{-1}$의 범위를 나타내었다. 영양염 농도는 동경만을 포함한 지역 "C"에서 높았고, 지역 "A"에서 낮은 평균값을 보였다. 엽록소-a 평균 농도는 $0.40{\pm}0.56{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$로 나타났고, $1{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$ 이상의 높은 값은 지리적으로 우리나라와 가까운 지역 "A"로 집중되었다. 식물플랑크톤의 개체수가 > $50,000cells\;L^{-1}$의 선박평형수는 22척 중 4척으로 나타났고, 이 중 3척이 지역 "A" 기원으로 파악되었다. 특히, Tokyuyama 만에서는 유해유독미세조류로 잘 알려진 와편모그룹의 종이 높은 밀도로 관찰되었다. 본 연구 결과, 일본과의 BWTS 면제권 협상은 신중하게 접근할 필요성이 있다고 판단된다.

This study investigated the environmental conditions and planktonic organisms in the ballast waters (BW) of 22 vessels originating from the international ports of Japan for the purpose of negotiating exemptions from the Ballast Water Management Convention (BWM Convention). The shortest duration of the BW was $3.33{\pm}1.87days$ in area "A", which included Kyushu and Suo Nada at Seto Inland. The total suspended solids, dissolved organic carbon, and particulate organic carbon ranged from 4.60 to 60.9 mg L-1, from 0.97 to 2.69 mg L-1, and from 0.24 to 4.51 mg L-1, respectively. A low average concentration of nutrients was measured in the BW from area "A", but that in the BW from area "C" (around central Honshu) was high, which may be related to the ballasting periods. High chlorophyll-a concentrations (>$1{\mu}g\;L-1$) were measured in four vessels, three of which carried the BW in area "A". High abundances of phytoplankton (> 50,000 cells L-1) were measured in four vessels, three of which carried the BW in area "A". The two vessels originating from Tokyuyama Bay in area "A" showed high densities of dinoflagellates, which are known to be harmful algae. Our results suggest that the negotiations for an exemption from the BWM Convention for Japan should proceed with caution.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. O. Endresen, H. Lee Behrens, S. Brynestad, A. Bjorn Andersen, R. Skjong, "Challenges in global ballast water management". Mar. Pollut. Bull., vol. 48, no. 7-8, pp. 615-623, 2004. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2004.01.016
  2. N. Bax, A. Williamson, M. Aguero, E. Gonzalez, W. Geeves, "Marine invasive alien species: a threat to global biodiversity". Mar. Policy, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 313-323, 2003. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0308-597X(03)00041-1
  3. D. Pimented, R. Zuniga, D. Morrison, "Update on the environmental and economic costs associated with alien-invasive species in the United States". Ecol. Econ., vol. 52, no. 3, pp. 273-288, 2005. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2004.10.002
  4. E. M. Zetsche, F. J. R. Meysman, "Dead or alive? viability assessment of micro-and mesoplankton". J. Plankton Res. vol. 34, no. 6, pp. 493-509, 2012. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbs018
  5. IMO, What's New during 2016. http://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/WhatsNew/Pages/Archive-2016.aspx, 08/03/2016.
  6. T. R. Parsons, Y. Maita, C. M. Lalli, "A manual of chemical and biological methods for seawater analysis". New York, Pergamon, 173p, 1984.
  7. E. E. Cupp, "Marine plankton diatoms of the west coast of North America". University of California press, Berkeley and L.A., 237p, 1943.
  8. J. D. Dodge, "Marine dinoflagellate of the British Isles". Her Majesty stationary office, London, 303 p, 1982.
  9. J. H. Shim, "Illustrated encyclopedia of fauna & flora of Korea, Vol. 34, Marine Phytoplankton". Ministry of Education, Seoul, 487p, 1994.
  10. C. R. Tomas, "Identifying marine phytoplankton". Academic Press, 833p, 1997.
  11. D. Stephanie, V. Christian, T. August, L. Helge, "Disinfection by-products and ecotoxicity of ballast water after oxidative treatment-results and experiences from seven years of full-scale testing of ballast water management systems". Mar. Pollut. Bull., vol. 73, no. 1, pp. 24-36, 2013. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.06.014
  12. P. G. Jang, K. Shin, M. Chang, D. Kim, "Spatial and temporal trends in water quality in response to sewage discharge in Masan and Hangam Bays, Korea". J. Coast. Res., vol. 27, no. 6A, pp. 144-155, 2011. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-11-00023.1
  13. D. I. Lim, Y. O. Kim, M. R. Kang, P. G. Jang, K. Shin, M. Jang, "Variability of water quality and limiting factor for primary production in semi-enclosed Masan Bay, South Sea of Korea". Ocean Polar Res., vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 349-366, 2007. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4217/OPR.2007.29.4.349
  14. K. Matsuoka, "Eutrophication process recorded in dinoflagellate cyst assemblage-a case of Yokohama Port, Tokyo Bay, Japan". Sci. Total Environ., vol. 231, no. 1, pp. 17-35, 1999. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00087-X
  15. M. Yamaguchi, S. Itakura, K Nagasaki, Y. Kotani, "Distribution and abundance of resting cysts of the toxic Alesandrium spp. (Dinophyceae) in sediments of the western Seto Inland Sea, Japan". Fish. Sci., vol 68, no. 5, pp. 1012-1019, 2002. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1444-2906.2002.00526.x
  16. I. Imai, M. Yamaguchi, Y. Hori, Eutrophication and occurrences of harmful algal blooms in the Seto Inland Sea, Japan. Plankton Benthos Res., vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 71-84, 2006. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3800/pbr.1.71