A Study on Effectiveness of Conventional Phenylalanine Loading before BH4 Loading Test in Children with Hyperphenylalaninemia

고페닐알라닌혈증 환아들에게 BH4 부하검사 이전에 시행되는 페닐알라닌 부하의 효과에 대한 고찰

  • Park, Youngcheon (Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University Hospital) ;
  • Kim, Kang-in (Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University Hospital) ;
  • Lee, Jeongho (Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University Hospital) ;
  • Lee, Dong Hwan (Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University Hospital)
  • 박영천 (순천향대학교병원 소아과학교실) ;
  • 김강인 (순천향대학교병원 소아과학교실) ;
  • 이정호 (순천향대학교병원 소아과학교실) ;
  • 이동환 (순천향대학교병원 소아과학교실)
  • Published : 2016.08.31

Abstract

Purpose: The $BH_4$ loading test is an important test that distinguishes PKU from $BH_4$ deficiency and identifies the $BH_4$ reactivity of PKU patients. Phenylalanine and $BH_4$ loading tests are useful methods that can shorten the length of hospital stay while improving patients' convenience. However, sufficient research on the dose of phenylalanine loading and $BH_4$ administration time after the loading has not been carried out. The present study investigates the effectiveness of the existing phenylalanine loading method by analyzing the medical records of six patients who underwent the $BH_4$ loading test after taking 100 mg/kg of phenylalanine patients. Methods: The medical records of six patients who underwent the $BH_4$ load test after taking 100 mg/kg of phenylalanine were examined out of 207 patients who were followed up in the Genetic Metabolic Clinic in Soonchunhyang University Hospital. All of the six patients had a low phenylalanine diet. First, they were taking 100 mg/kg of phenylalanine. 3 hours later, 20 mg/kg of $BH_4$ were loaded. The phenylalanine levels in the blood were continuously measured at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 hours by setting the time the $BH_4$ was loaded as the basal. Results: The average of the highest phenylalanine concentrations of six patients was $20.0{\pm}11.70mg/dL$. One reached the highest concentration seven hours after taking phenylalanine; another reached it five hours after that, and the remaining three reached it four hours after that. Only one patient reached the highest concentration within three hours. The phenylalanine levels of four out of six patients (66%) rose above $400{\mu}mol/L$ after being loaded with phenylalanine. The phenylalanine levels of the remaining two were 6.1 mg/dL ($366{\mu}mol/L$) and 5 mg/dL ($300{\mu}mol/L$), respectively. Conclusion: One of six patients (16%) reached the highest concentration three hours after taking 100 mg/kg of phenylalanine and four patients (66%) reached $400{\mu}mol/L$ or higher phenylalanine levels. There were patients whose phenylalanine levels did not rise above $400{\mu}mol/L$ using a commonly known test method; moreover, this method had the disadvantage of reaching the highest concentration after more than three hours. Therefore, it is considered that taking 200 mg/kg or more of phenylalanine and performing $BH_4$ loading four to six hours after taking phenylalanine are helpful in proper diagnosis.

목적: $BH_4$ 부하검사는 PKU와 $BH_4$ 결핍증을 감별하고, PKU 환자 중 $BH_4$ 반응성을 확인할 수 있는 중요한 검사이다. 일반적으로 알려진 프로토콜로 페닐알라닌 부하와 $BH_4$ 부하검사는 환자의 편의 및 입원기간을 단축시킬 수 있는 유용한 검사방법이다. 하지만 페닐알라닌 부하의 용량이나 부하 후 $BH_4$ 투여시간이 임상적으로 적절한지에 대하여는 충분한 연구가 이루어지지 않았다. 본 연구는 순천향대학교 소아청소년과 유전대사 클리닉에 내원한 환자 중 100 mg/kg의 페닐알라닌을 복용 후 $BH_4$ 부하검사를 시행한 6명 환자들의 의무기록을 분석하여 기존의 페닐알라닌 부하 방법의 효용성을 연구하였다. 방법: 2004년 7월부터 2015년 7월까지 순천향대학교 유전대사 클리닉에서 추적관찰하고 있는 총 207명의 환자 중 100 mg/kg의 페닐알라닌을 복용 후 $BH_4$ 부하검사를 시행한 6명 환자들을 대상으로 의무기록을 분석하였다. 이들은 모두 제한식사를 시행하고 있었으며 100 mg/kg의 페닐알라닌을 복용 후 3시간 뒤 20 mg/kg의 $BH_4$를 부하하였다. $BH_4$를 부하한 시점을 Basal로 하여 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24시간에 혈중 페닐알라닌 수치를 연속적으로 측정하였다. 결과: 6명의 최고 페닐알라닌 농도의 평균은 $20.0{\pm}11.70mg/dL$ 이었다. 1명은 페닐알라닌 복용 후 7시간 째, 다른 1명은 5시간 째, 나머지 3명은 4시간째에 최고농도에 도달하였다. 3시간 만에 최고 농도에 도달한 환자는 1명이었다. 페닐알라닌 부하 후 페닐알라닌 수치가 $400{\mu}mol/L$ 이상으로 상승한 환자는 6명 중 4명(66%)이었다. 나머지 2명의 환자는 페닐알라닌 수치가 각각 6.1 mg/dL ($366{\mu}mol/L$), 5 mg/dL ($300{\mu}mol/L$)이었다. 결론: 본 연구에서 기존에 알려진 바와 같이 100 mg/kg의 페닐알라닌 복용 후에 3시간째에 최고 농도에 도달한 환자들은 6명 중 1명(16%)이고 $400{\mu}mol/L$ 이상 페닐알라닌 수치가 올라간 환자는 4명(66%)이었다. 일반적으로 알려진 검사 방법으로 페닐알라닌 농도가 $400{\mu}mol/L$ 이상으로 상승하지 않은 환자가 있었고 3시간 보다 더 늦게 최고 농도에 도달하는 단점이 있었다. 따라서 페닐알라닌은 200 mg/kg이상 증량하여 복용하고 적어도 페닐알라닌 복용 4-6시간 후에 $BH_4$ loading을 하는 것이 적절한 진단에 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다.

Keywords

References

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