Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture (한국전통조경학회지)

Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture (한국전통조경학회)
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Various Meanings of Wolji Pond Construction in Shilla Dynasty

월지 조성 목적의 중의성(重意性) 고찰

  • Hong, Kwang-Pyo (Dept. of Landscape Architecture, Gyeongju Campus, Dongguk University)
  • 홍광표 (동국대학교 경주캠퍼스 조경학과)
  • Received : 2016.07.13
  • Accepted : 2016.09.21
  • Published : 2016.09.30
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Abstract

This study was initiated from question raised on existing study achievement that purpose for Wolji construction simply was to build gardens. In this research, after raising a question on existing theory about the Wolji construction, another purpose of Wolji construction is investigated. Study result is as follows. First, two questions raised on Wolji construction are "Was Wolji constructed as a garden from the beginning?" and "Was Wolji region available land as now at time of creation?" However, it was verified that the purpose of Wolji construction was to use not as a garden but as a detention pond, and the land of such region was unserviceable at time of Wolji construction. Second, in terms of locations and Topography, it was confirmed that Wolji has a favorable condition for undercurrent function as it is positioned at the end point of flow path formed by gushout water spurting from the water flooded from Bukcheon, or low and wetland. Third, from hydraulic point of view, Bukcheon always has a possibility of flooding occurrence before completing river bank build up, and such flooding damage was curved at Guhwangdongwonji, and at Wolji once again in order to prevent the damage spread into the center of Wanggyeong. Fourth, from urban planning point of view, it was confirmed that urban functions were not established in Wolji region before Wolji construction, and urban planning was completed through the opening of roads and others, after Wolji construction. Fifth, it was confirmed that inflow and outflow device of Wolji, and vertical stone platform at western side of Wolji were the facilities to provide sufficient functions as detention ponds.

본 연구는 월지의 조성목적이 단순히 정원을 조성하기 위해서라는 기존의 이론에 대한 문제제기로부터 시작되었다. 본 연구에서는 월지조성에 대한 기존의 이론에 대하여 논의한 후, 월지조성의 또 다른 목적을 저류지로 상정하고 이것에 대하여 검증하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 월지조성에 대하여 제기한 두 가지 의문에 대하여 논의한 결과 월지가 처음부터 정원으로 만들어졌을 가능성 보다는 저류지로서 조성하였을 것이라는 가능성을 진단하였다. 둘째, 위치와 지형적 측면으로 볼 때, 월지는 북천으로부터 유입된 물이나, 범람한 물, 또는 용출수가 형성하는 지천이나 수로가 자연스럽게 월지 쪽으로 흐르도록 지형적 조건이 형성되어 있으며, 월지는 이렇게 형성된 물이 남천으로 유입되는 유로의 종점에 위치하고 있어 물을 저류한 후 유출하기에 유리한 조건을 갖추고 있다는 것을 확인하였다. 셋째, 수리적 측면에서 볼 때, 북천은 제방이 축조되기 이전에는 범람이 일어날 가능성이 상존하였으며, 이러한 홍수피해는 구황동원지에서 한번, 다시 월지에서 한번 잡아주어 왕경중심부로 피해가 확산되지 않도록 하였던 것으로 보인다. 넷째, 도시계획적 측면에서 볼 때, 월지가 조성되기 이전에 월지일대는 도시기능이 들어서지 않았다는 것을 확인하였으며, 월지가 조성되고 난 이후에 도로 등의 개설을 통해 도시계획이 완성되었다는 것을 확인하였다. 다섯째, 월지의 입수장치와 출수장치 그리고 월지 서측의 수직석단은 월지가 저류지로서의 기능을 충분히 할 수 있도록 한 시설이었다는 것을 확인하였다. 여섯째, 저류용량으로 볼 때, 월지는 당시로서는 엄청난 량의 물을 저류할 수 있는 시설이었다는 것을 확인하였다.

Keywords

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