참고문헌
- C. W. Tang and S. A. Vanslyke, Organic electroluminescent diodes, Appl. Phys. Lett., 51, 913-915 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.98799
- Z. Shen, P. E. Burrows, V. Bulovic, S. R. Forrest, and M. E. Thompson, Three-color, tunable, organic light-emitting devices, Science, 276, 2009-2011 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.276.5321.2009
- S. R. Forrest, The road to high efficiency organic light emitting devices, Org. Electron., 4, 45-48 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.2003.08.014
- A. R. Duggal, J. J. Shiang, C. M. Heller, and D. F. Foust, Organic light-emitting devices for illumination quality white light, Appl. Phys. Lett., 80, 3470-3472 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1478786
- B. W. D'Andrade and S. R. Forrest, White organic light-emitting devices for solid-state lighting, Adv. Mater., 16, 1585-1595 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200400684
- C. P. Wang, M. H. Wu, H. W. Lin, H. C. Pan, B. H. Liu, and J. H. Jou, High-efficiency flexible white organic light-emitting diodes, J. Mater. Chem., 20, 6626-6629 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1039/c0jm01348j
- Y. L. Chang, Y. Song, Z. Wang, M. G. Helander, J. Qiu, L. Chai, Z. Liu, G. D. Scholes, and Z. Lu, Highly efficient warm white organic light-emitting diodes by triplet exciton conversion, Adv. Funct. Mater., 23, 705-712 (2012).
- S. Reineke, F. Lindner, G. Schwartz, N. Seidler, K. Walzer, B. Lussem, and K. Leo, White organic light-emitting diodes with fluorescent tube efficiency, Nature, 459, 234-238 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08003
- M. Thomschke, S. Reineke, B. Lussem, and K. Leo, Highly efficient white top-emitting organic light-emitting diodes comprising laminated microlens films, Nano Lett., 12, 424-428 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1021/nl203743p
- J. B. Birks, Photophysics of Aromatic Compounds, Wiley, New York (1970).
- C. Adachi, M. A. Baldo, M. E. Thompson, and S. R. Forrest, Nearly 100% internal phosphorescence efficiency in an organic light-emitting device, J. Appl. Phys., 90, 5048-5051 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1409582
- R. J. Holmes, S. R. Forrest, Y. -J. Tung. Y, R. C. Kwong, J. J. Brown, S. Garon, and M. E. Thompson, Blue organic electrophosphorescence using exothermic host-guest energy transfer, Appl. Phys. Lett., 82, 2422-2424 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1568146
- S. Tokito, T. Iijima, Y. Suzuri, H. Kita, T. Tsuzuki, and F. Sato, Confinement of triplet energy on phosphorescent molecules for highly efficient organic blue-light emitting devices, Appl. Phys. Lett., 83, 569-571 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1594834
- G. T. Lei, L. D. Wang, L. Duan, J. H. Wang, and Y. Qiu, Highly efficient blue electrophosphorescent devices with a novel host material, Synth. Met., 144, 249-252 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2004.03.010
- D. R. Whang, Y. You, S. H. Kim, W. I. Jeong, Y. S. Park, J. J. Kim, and S. Y. Park, A highly efficient wide-band-gap host material for blue electrophosphorescent light-emitting devices, Appl. Phys. Lett., 91, 233501-233501-3 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2821116
- H. Fukagawa, W. Watanabe, T. Tsuzuki, and S. Tokito, Highly efficient, deep-blue phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes with a double-emitting layer structure, Appl. Phys. Lett., 93, 133312-133312-3 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2996572
- Y. Agata, H. Shimizu, and J. Kido, Syntheses and properties of novel quarterphenylene-based materials for blue organic light-emitting devices, Chem. Lett., 36, 316-317 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1246/cl.2007.316
- L. S. Cui, Y. Liu, Q. Li, Z. Q. Jiang, and L. S. Liao, A rational molecular design on choosing suitable spacer for better host materials in highly efficient blue and white phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes, Org. Electron., 15, 1368-1377 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.2014.03.028
-
T. Tsuboi, H. Murayama, S. J. Yeh, M. F. Wu, and C. T. Chen, Photoluminescence characteristics of blue phosphorescent
$Ir^{3+}$ compounds FIrpic and FIrN4 doped in mCP and SimCP, Opt. Mater., 31, 366-371 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2008.05.010 - T. Tsuboi, S. W. Liu, M. F. Wu, and C. T. Chen, Spectroscopic and electrical characteristics of highly efficient tetraphenylsilane-carbazole organic compound as host material for blue organic light emitting diodes, Org. Electron., 10, 1372-1377 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.2009.07.020
- M. H. Tsai, H. W. Lin, H. C. Su, T. H. Ke, C. C. Wu, F. C. Fang, Y. L. Liao, K. T. Wong, and C. I. Wu, Highly efficient organic blue electrophosphorescent devices based on 3,6-bis(triphenylsilyl) carbazole as the host material, Adv. Mater., 18, 1216-1220 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200502283
- M. H. Tsai, T. H. Ke, H. W. Lin, C. C. Wu, S. F. Chiu, F. C. Fang, Y. L. Liao, K. T. Wong, Y. H. Chen, and C. I. Wu, Triphenylsilyl- and trityl-substituted carbazole-based host materials for blue electrophosphorescence, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 1, 567-574 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1021/am800124q
- S. H. Kim, J. Jang, S. J. Lee, and J. Y. Lee, Deep blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes using a Si based wide bandgap host and an Ir dopant with electron withdrawing substituents, Thin Solid Films, 517, 722-726 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2008.08.156
- S. O. Jeon, K. S. Yook, C. W. Joo, and J. Y. Lee, Phenylcarbazole-based phosphine oxide host materials for high efficiency in deep blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes, Adv. Funct. Mater., 19, 3644-3649 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.200901274
- H. S. Son, C. W. Seo, and J. Y. Lee, Correlation of the substitution position of diphenylphosphine oxide on phenylcarbazole and device performances of blue phosphorescent organic lightemitting diodes, J. Mater. Chem., 21, 5638-5644 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1039/c0jm03427d
- S. O. Jeon, S. E. Jang, H. S. Son, and J. Y. Lee, External quantum efficiency above 20% in deep blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes, Adv. Mater., 23, 1436-1441 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201004372
- S. H. Jeong and J. Y. Lee, Dibenzothiophene derivatives as host materials for high efficiency in deep blue phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes, J. Mater. Chem., 21, 14604-14609 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1039/c1jm12421h
- S. H. Jeong, C. W. Seo, J. Y. Lee, N. S. Cho, J. K. Kim, and J. H. Yang, Comparison of bipolar hosts and mixed-hosts as host structures for deep blue phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes, Chem. Asia J., 6, 2895-2898 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1002/asia.201100596
- R. J. Holmes, B. W. D. Andrade, S. R. Forrest, X. Ren, J. Li, and M. E. Thompson, Efficient, deep-blue organic electroluminescence by guest charge trapping, Appl. Phys. Lett., 83, 3818-3820 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1624639
- X. Ren, J. Li, R. J. Holmes, P. I. Djurovich, S. R. Forrest, and M. E. Thompson, Ultrahigh energy gap hosts in deep blue organic electrophosphorescent devices, Chem. Mater., 16, 4743-4747 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1021/cm049402m
- J. Zhuang, W. Li, W. Su, Y. Liu, Q. Shen, L. Liao, and M. Zhou, Highly efficient phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes using a homoleptic iridium(III) complex as a sky-blue dopant, Org. Electron., 14, 2596-2601 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.2013.06.029
- S. Lee, S. O. Kim, H. Shin, H. J. Yun, K. Yang, S. K. Kwon, J. J. Kim, and Y. H. Kim, Deep-blue phosphorescence from perfluoro carbonyl-substituted iridium complexes, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 135, 14321-14328 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1021/ja4065188
- C. Fan, L. Zhu, B. Jiang, Y. Li, F. Zhao, D. Ma, J. Qin, and C. Yang, High power efficiency yellow phosphorescent OLEDs by using new iridium complexes with halogen-substituted 2-phenylbenzo[d]thiazole ligands, J. Phys. Chem. C, 117, 19134-19141 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1021/jp406220c
- J. H. Jou, Y. X. Lin, S. H. Peng, C. J. Li, Y. M. Yang, C. L. Chin, J. J. Shyue, S. S. Sun, M. Lee, C. T. Chen, M. C. Liu, C. C. Chen, G. Y. Chen, J. H. Wu, C. H. Li, C. F. Sung, M. J. Lee, and J. P. Hu, Highly efficient yellow organic light emitting diode with a novel wet- and dry-process feasible iridium complex emitter, Adv. Funct. Mater., 24, 555-562 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201302013
- S. L. Lai, W. Y. Tong, S. C. F. Kui, M. Y. Chan, C. C. Kwok, and C. M. Che, High efficiency white organic light-emitting devices incorporating yellow phosphorescent platinum(II) complex and composite blue host, Adv. Funct. Mater., 23, 5168-5176 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201300281
-
G. Cheng, S. C. F. Kui, W. H. Ang, M. Y. Ko, P. K. Chow, C. L. Kwong, C. C. Kwok, C. Ma, X. Guan, K. H. Low, S. J. Su and C. M. Che, Structurally robust phosphorescent [Pt(O^N^C^N)] emitters for high performance organic light-emitting devices with power efficiency up to 126 lm
$W^{-1}$ and external quantum efficiency over 20%, Chem. Sci., 5, 4819-4830 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1039/C4SC01105H - H. Cao, G. Shan, X. Wen, H. Sun, Z. Su, R. Zhong, W. Xie, P. Lia, and D. Zhua, An orange iridium(III) complex with wide-bandwidth in electroluminescence for fabrication of high-quality white organic light-emitting diodes, J. Mater. Chem. C, 1, 7371-7379 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1039/c3tc31365d
- R. Wang, D. Liu, H. Ren, T. Zhang, H. Yin, G. Liu, and J. Li, Highly efficient orange and white organic light-emitting diodes based on new orange iridium complexes, Adv. Mater., 23, 2823-2827 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201100302
- R. Wang, D. Liu, R. Zhang, L. Deng, and J. Li, Solution-processable iridium complexes for efficient orange-red and white organic light-emitting diodes, J. Mater. Chem., 22, 1411-1417 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1039/C1JM13846D
- M. Tavasli, T. N. Moore, Y. Zheng, M. R. Bryce, M. A. Fox, G. C. Griffiths, V. Jankus, H. A. Al-Attar, and A. P. Monkman, Colour tuning from green to red by substituent effects in phosphorescent tris-cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes of carbazole- based ligands: synthetic, photophysical, computational and high efficiency OLED studies, J. Mater. Chem., 22, 6419-6428 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1039/c2jm15049b
- A. Tsuboyama, H. Iwawaki, M. Furugori, T. Mukaide, J. Kamatani, S. Igawa, T. Moriyama, S. Miura, T. Takiguchi, S. Okada, M. Hoshino, and K. Ueno, Homoleptic cyclometalated iridium complexes with highly efficient red phosphorescence and application to organic light-emitting diode, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 125, 12971-12979 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1021/ja034732d
- B. S. Du, J. L. Liao, M. H. Huang, C. H. Lin, H. W. Lin, Y. Chi, H. A. Pan, G. L. Fan, K. T. Wong, G. H. Lee, and P. T. Chou, Os(II) based green to red phosphors: A great prospect for solution processed, highly efficient organic light-emitting diodes, Adv. Funct. Mater., 22, 3491-3499 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201200718
- H. Fukagawa, T. Shimizu, H. Hanashima, Y. Osada, M. Suzuki, and H. Fujikake, Highly efficient and stable red phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes using platinum complexes, Adv. Mater., 24, 5099-5103 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201202167
- C. J. Zheng, W. M. Zhao, Z. Q. Wang, D. Huang, J. Ye, X. M. Ou, X. H. Zhang, C.S. Lee, and S. T. Lee, Highly efficient non-doped deep-blue organic light-emitting diodes based on anthracene derivatives, J. Mater. Chem., 20, 1560-1566 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1039/b918739a
- C. H. Wu, C. H. Chien, F. M. Hsu, P. I. Shih, and C. F. Shu, Efficient non-doped blue light-emitting diodes incorporating an anthracene derivative end-capped with fluorene groups, J. Mater. Chem., 19, 1464-1470 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1039/b817031b
- S. Tao, Y. Zhou, C. S. Lee, S. T. Lee, D. Huang, and X. Zhang, Highly efficient nondoped blue organic light-emitting diodes based on anthracene-triphenylamine derivatives, J. Phys. Chem. C, 112, 14603-14606 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1021/jp803957p
- K. H. Lee, Y. S. Kwon, J. Y. Lee, S. Kang, K. S. Yook, S. O. Jeon, J. Y. Lee, and S. S. Yoon, Highly efficient blue organic light-emitting diodes based on 2-(diphenylamino)fluoren-7-ylvinylarene derivatives that bear a tert-butyl group, Chem. Eur. J., 17, 12994-13006 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201100304
- K. H. Lee, L. K. Kang, J. Y. Lee, S. Kang, S. O. Jeon, K. S. Yook, J. Y. Lee, and S. S. Yoon, Molecular engineering of blue fluorescent molecules based on silicon end-capped diphenylaminofluorene derivatives for efficient organic light-emitting materials, Adv. Funct. Mater., 20, 1345-1358 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.200901895
- Y. M. Jeon, J. Y. Lee, J. W. Kim, C. W. Lee, and M. S. Gong, Deep-blue OLEDs using novel efficient spiro-type dopant materials, Org. Electron., 11, 1844-1852 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.2010.08.007
- Y. Zou, J. Zou, T. Ye, H. Li, C. Yang, H. Wu, D. Ma, J. Qin, and Y. Cao, Unexpected propeller-like Hexakis fluoren-2-yl)benzene cores for six-arm star-shaped oligofluorenes: Highly efficient deep-blue fluorescent emitters and good hole-transporting materials, Adv. Funct. Mater., 23, 1781-1788 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201202286
- K. C. Wu, P. J. Ku, C. S. Lin, H. T. Shih, F. I. Wu, M. J. Huang, J. J. Lin, I. C. Chen, and C. H. Cheng, The photophysical properties of dipyrenylbenzenes and their application as exceedingly efficient blue emitters for electroluminescent devices, Adv. Funct. Mater., 18, 67-75 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.200700803
- K. L. Chan, J. P. F. Lim, X. Yang, A. Dodabalapur, G. E. Jabbour, and A. Sellinger, High-efficiency pyrene-based blue light emitting diodes: Aggregation suppression using a calixarene 3D-scaffold, Chem. Commun., 48, 5106-5108 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1039/c2cc30995e
- B. Wei, J. Z. Liu, Y. Zhang, J. H. Zhang, H. N. Peng, H. L. Fan, Y. B. He, and X. C. Gao, stable, glassy, and versatile binaphthalene derivatives capable of efficient hole transport, hosting, and deep-blue light emission, Adv. Funct. Mater., 20, 2448-2458 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201000299
- C. J. Kuo, T. Y. Li, C. C. Lien, C. H. Liu, F. I. Wu, and M. J. Huang, Bis(phenanthroimidazolyl)bisphenyl derivatives as saturated blue emitters for electroluminescent devices, J. Mater. Chem., 19, 1865-1871 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1039/b816327h
- Y. Park, J. H. Lee, D. H. Jung, S. H. Liu, Y. H. Lin, L. Y. Chen, C. C. Wu, and J. Park, An aromatic imine group enhances the EL efficiency and carrier transport properties of highly efficient blue emitter for OLEDs, J. Mater. Chem., 20, 5930-5936 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1039/c0jm00581a
-
S. L. Lin, L. H. Chan, R. H. Lee, M. Y. Yen, W. J. Kuo, C. T. Chen, and R. J. Jeng, Highly efficient carbazole-
${\pi}$ -dimesitylborane bipolar fluorophores for nondoped blue organic light-emitting diodes, Adv. Mater., 20, 3947-3952 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200801023 - W. Li, D. Liu, F. Shen, D. Ma, Z. Wang, T. Feng, Y. Xu, B. Yang, and Y. Ma, A twisting donor-acceptor molecule with an intercrossed excited state for highly efficient, deep-blue electroluminescence, Adv. Funct. Mater., 22, 2797-2803 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201200116
- T. Peng, K. Ye, Y. Liu, L. Wang, Y. Wu, and Y. Wang, Novel Beryllium complex as the non-doped emitter for highly efficient deep-blue organic light-emitting diode, Org. Electron., 12, 1914-1919 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.2011.08.006
- H. Kuma, Y. Jinde, M. Kawamura, H. Yamamoto, T. Arakane, K. Fukuoka, and C. Hosokawa, Highly efficient white OLEDs using RGB fluorescent materials, Proceedings of Society for Information Display. May 20-25, California, USA (2007).
- Y. Yang, R. T. Farley, T. T. Steckler, S. H. Eom, J. R. Reynolds, K. S. Schanze, and J. Xue, Efficient near-infrared organic light-emitting devices based on low-gap fluorescent oligomers, J. Appl. Phys., 106, 044509-044509-7 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3204947
- J. Li, T. Nakagawa, J. MacDonald, Q. Zhang, H. Nomura, H. Miyazaki, and C. Adachi, Highly efficient organic light-emitting diode based on a hidden thermally activated delayed fluorescence channel in a Heptazine derivative, Adv. Mater. 25, 3319-3323 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201300575
- Q. Zhang, H. Kuwabara, W. J. Potscavage, Jr., S. Huang, Y. Hatae, T. Shibata, and C. Adachi, Anthraquinone-based intramolecular charge-transfer compounds: Computational molecular design, thermally activated delayed fluorescence, and highly efficient red electroluminescence, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 136, 18070-18081 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1021/ja510144h
피인용 문헌
- Small-Molecule Emitters with High Quantum Efficiency: Mechanisms, Structures, and Applications in OLED Devices vol.6, pp.20, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.201800512
- Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent Polymers: Structures, Properties, and Applications in OLED Devices pp.10221336, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.201800570
- Water-soluble pH neutral triazatruxene-based small molecules as hole injection materials for solution-processable organic light-emitting diodes vol.7, pp.26, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1039/c9tc02125f
- A molecularly engineered near-infrared-light-emitting electrochemical cell (NIR-LEC) vol.44, pp.5, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1039/c9nj05512f
- Effects of the emission layer structure on the electroluminescence performance of the white organic light emitting diodes based on thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters vol.53, pp.6, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ab579f