Korean Journal of Cognitive Science (인지과학)

The Korean Society for Cognitive Science (한국인지과학회)
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I CAN stand this, but WE CAN'T: discontinuity between choices for self vs. group modulated by group competition during the ultimatum game

최후통첩 게임에서의 개인의사결정 vs. 그룹의사결정: 그룹 간 경쟁의 의한 조절효과

  • Received : 2016.09.20
  • Accepted : 2016.09.23
  • Published : 2016.09.30
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Abstract

We live under the consequences of countless decisions, among which significant number of decisions is made by representatives acting on behalf of us. However, individuals often make disparate decisions depending on which identity they are assigned as an agent or with which opponent they are interplaying. In the current research, behavioral discontinuity depending upon actor identity and social relationship was investigated using the ultimatum game. Participants behaved in a more economically rational way when they acted as a group representative compared with when they made decisions as a private individual. However, the direction of the individual-representative discontinuity was reversed when rivalry came into play. Furthermore, more fairness was requested to accept the offers in the interaction with the rival compared with the neutral countergroup. Especially when interacting with the rival group, participants showed contrasting level of decision bias - measured by rejection rate toward unfair offers - according to the degree of mind attribution to the opponent. Specifically, the greater participants attributed a mind to the rival group, the more they rejected the unfair offers from it. The present research is important in that it provides insight into individuals' decision-making in a group context, which sometimes forgoes the financial gain of the entire group and ultimately leads to the sub-optimization of social welfare.

본 연구는 최후통첩 게임 패러다임을 활용하여 의사결정자의 역할 주체 (개인 vs. 대표자)와 상대그룹과의 사회적 관계 (중립적 vs. 경쟁적)에 따른 행동적 불연속성을 검증하였다. 참가자들은 모두 최후통첩 게임에서 제안자가 아닌 응답자의 역할을 하였으며, 그룹의 대표자로 의사결정할 때 더 많은 제안을 수락함으로써 개인으로서 의사결정할 때보다 더 경제적으로 합리적인 행동패턴을 보였다. 하지만 이러한 개인-대표자 행동 불연속성은 중립적 관계에서만 유지되었다. 상대방 그룹이 참가자 그룹과 경쟁적인 관계에 있는 조건에서는 역할 주체가 그룹의 대표자일 때 오히려 더 많은 제안을 거부함으로써 경제적으로 더 비합리적인 행동패턴을 보였다. 특히, 경쟁적 관계와의 최후통첩 게임에서는 상대방 그룹에 대한 마음 귀인의 정도에 따라 다른 수준의 의사결정 편향을 관찰할 수 있었다. 구체적으로, 경쟁적 관계에 있는 그룹에 대해서 더 많은 마음을 귀인하는 참가자일수록 더 높은 수준의 거부 비율을 보임을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구는 그룹 맥락에서의 개인 의사결정 패턴 - 때로는 전체 그룹의 금전적 이익을 포기하고 궁극적으로는 사회적 잉여의 준최적화를 초래할 수 있는 - 에 대한 이해를 제공한다는 데 그 중요성이 있다.

Keywords

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  1. 최후통첩게임에서의 경제적 의사결정과 사상체질의 관련성 vol.29, pp.2, 2016, https://doi.org/10.7730/jscm.2017.29.2.128