References
- Kerner J. Vergiftung durch verdorbene wurste. Tubinger Blatter fur Naturwissenschaften und Arzneykunde 1817; 3: 25.
- Lu DW, Lippitz J. Complications of botulinum neurotoxin. Dis Mon 2009; 55: 198-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.disamonth.2009.01.001
- van Ermengem E. A new anaerobic bacillus and its relation to botulism. Rev Infect Dis 1979; 1: 701-19. https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/1.4.701
- Burgen AS, Dickens F, Zatman LJ. The action of botulinum toxin on the neuro-muscular junction. J Physiol 1949; 109: 10-24. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1949.sp004364
- Erbguth FJ. From poison to remedy: The chequered history of botulinum toxin. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2008; 115: 559-65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-007-0728-2
- Scott A. Botulinum toxin injection to correct strabism. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 1979; 79: 924-7.
- Scott AB. Botulinum toxin injection of eye muscles to correct strabismus. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 1981; 79: 734-70.
- Carruthers JD, Carruthers JA. Treatment of glabellar frown lines with c. Botulinum-a exotoxin. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 1992; 18: 17-21. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1524-4725.1992.tb03295.x
- Blitzer A, Brin MF, Keen MS, Aviv JE. Botulinum toxin for the treatment of hyperfunctional lines of the face. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1993; 119: 1018-22. https://doi.org/10.1001/archotol.1993.01880210108015
- Hoffman WY. Reanimation of the paralyzed face. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 1992; 25: 649-67.
- Shaari CM, George E, Wu BL, Biller HF, Sanders I. Quantifying the spread of botulinum toxin through muscle fascia. Laryngoscope 1991; 101: 960-4.
- Jankovic J, Brin MF. Therapeutic uses of botulinum toxin. N Engl J Med 1991; 324: 1186-94. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199104253241707
- Fulton J. Botulinum toxin the newport beach experience dermatol. Surgery 1998; 24: 12.
- Osako M, Keltner JL. Botulinum-a toxin (oculinum) in ophthalmology. Surv Ophthalmol 1991; 36: 28-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/0039-6257(91)90207-V
- Carruthers A, Kiene K, Carruthers J. Botulinum a exotoxin use in clinical dermatology. J Am Acad Dermatol 1996; 34: 788-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0190-9622(96)90016-X
- Kao I, Drachman DB, Price DL. Botulinum toxin: Mechanism of presynaptic blockade. Science 1976; 193: 1256-8. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.785600
- Simpson LL. The origin, structure, and pharmacological activity of botulinum toxin. Pharmacol Rev 1981; 33: 155-88.
- Jaspers GW, Pijpe J, Jansma J. The use of botulinum toxin type a in cosmetic facial procedures. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2011; 40: 127-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2010.09.014
- de Maio M. Therapeutic uses of botulinum toxin: From facial palsy to autonomic disorders. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2008; 8: 791-8. https://doi.org/10.1517/14712598.8.6.791
- Bhogal PS, Hutton A, Monaghan A. A review of the current uses of botox for dentally-related procedures. Dent Update 2006; 33: 165-8. https://doi.org/10.12968/denu.2006.33.3.165
- Gracco A, Tracey S. Botox and the gummy smile. Prog Orthod 2010; 11: 76-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pio.2010.04.004
- Niamtu J. Botulinum toxin a: A review of 1,085 oral and maxillofacial patient treatments. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2003; 61: 317-24. https://doi.org/10.1053/joms.2003.50069
- Hegedus F, Diecidue R, Taub D, Nyirady J. Non-surgical treatment modalities of facial photodamage: Practical knowledge for the oral and maxillofacial professional. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2006; 35: 389-98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2005.09.011
- Fagien S, Brandt FS. Primary and adjunctive use of botulinum toxin type a (botox) in facial aesthetic surgery - beyond the glabella. Clin Plast Surg 2001; 28: 127-48.
- Frampton JE, Easthope SE. Botulinum toxin a (botox((r)) cosmetic) a review of its use in the treatment of glabellar frown lines. Am J Clin Dermatol 2003; 4: 709-25. https://doi.org/10.2165/00128071-200304100-00005
- Niamtu J. Aesthetic uses of botulinum toxin a. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1999; 57: 1228-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-2391(99)90493-7
- Carruthers A. Facial aesthetic enhancement educational initiative. Chicago, IL, Faculty Training 2001; 13-5.
- Bentsianov B, Francis A, Blitzer A. Botulinum toxin treatment of temporomandibular disorders, masseteric hypertrophy, and cosmetic masseter reduction. Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2004; 15: 110-3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.otot.2004.02.002
- Hoque A, McAndrew M. Use of botulinum toxin in dentistry. NY State Dent J 2009; 75: 52-5.
- Ihde SK, Konstantinovic VS. The therapeutic use of botulinum toxin in cervical and maxillofacial conditions: An evidence-based review. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2007; 104: e1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1079-2104(07)00420-9
- Lee CJ, Kim SG, Kim YJ, Han JY, Choi SH, Lee SI. Electrophysiologic change and facial contour following botulinum toxin a injection in square faces. Plast Reconstr Surg 2007; 120: 769-78. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.prs.0000271068.71399.ae
- Moore AP, Wood GD. The medical management of masseteric hypertrophy with botulinum toxin type a. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1994; 32: 26-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/0266-4356(94)90168-6
- Kim HS, Yun PY, Kim YK. A clinical evaluation of botulinum toxin-a injections in the temporomandibular disorder treatment. Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg 2016; 38: 5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40902-016-0051-7
- Ellies M, Laskawi R, Tormahlen G, Gotz W. The effect of local injection of botulinum toxin a on the parotid gland of the rat: An immunohistochemical and morphometric study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2000; 58: 1251-6. https://doi.org/10.1053/joms.2000.16625
- Ahuja RB, Chatterjee P. Contemporary solutions for the treatment of facial nerve paralysis. Plast Reconstr Surg 2016; 137: 482e-3e. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.prs.0000475813.43036.fe
- Sinclair CF, Gurey LE, Blitzer A. Oromandibular dystonia: Long-term management with botulinum toxin. Laryngoscope 2013; 123: 3078-83. https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.23265
- Freund B, Schwartz M. Temporal relationship of muscle weakness and pain reduction in subjects treated with botulinum toxin a. J Pain 2003; 4: 159-65. https://doi.org/10.1054/jpai.2003.435
- Moore A, Wood G. Medical treatment of recurrent temporomandibular joint dislocation using botulinum toxin a. Br Dent J 1996; 183: 415-7.
- Shorey CW, Campbell JH. Dislocation of the temporomandibular joint. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2000; 89: 662-8. https://doi.org/10.1067/moe.2000.106693
- Ziegler CM, Haag C, Muhling J. Treatment of recurrent temporomandibular joint dislocation with intramuscular botulinum toxin injection. Clin Oral Investig 2003; 7: 52-5.
- Freund B, Schwartz M, Symington JM. The use of botulinum toxin for the treatment of temporomandibular disorders: Preliminary findings. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1999; 57: 916-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-2391(99)90007-1
- Freund BJ, Schwartz M. Relief of tension-type headache symptoms in subjects with temporomandibular disorders treated with botulinum toxin-a. Headache 2002; 42: 1033-7. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-4610.2002.02234.x
- Bakke M, Moller E, Werdelin LM, Dalager T, Kitai N, Kreiborg S. Treatment of severe temporomandibular joint clicking with botulinum toxin in the lateral pterygoid muscle in two cases of anterior disc displacement. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2005; 100: 693-700. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tripleo.2004.11.019
- Daelen B, Thorwirth V, Koch A. Treatment of recurrent dislocation of the temporomandibular joint with type a botulinum toxin. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1997; 26: 458-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0901-5027(97)80014-8
- Ellis MF, Daniell M. An evaluation of the safety and efficacy of botulinum toxin type a (botox) when used to produce a protective ptosis. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2001; 29: 394-9. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-9071.2001.d01-28.x
- Sadiq SA, Downes RN. A clinical algorithm for the management of facial nerve palsy from an oculoplastic perspective. Eye 1998; 12: 219-23. https://doi.org/10.1038/eye.1998.52
- Armstrong MW, Mountain RE, Murray JA. Treatment of facial synkinesis and facial asymmetry with botulinum toxin type a following facial nerve palsy. Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci 1996; 21: 15-20. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2273.1996.tb01018.x
- Freund BJ, Schwartz M. Intramuscular injection of botulinum toxin as an adjunct to arthrocentesis of the temporomandibular joint: Preliminary observations. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2003; 41: 351-2. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0266-4356(03)00129-3
- Majid OW. Clinical use of botulinum toxins in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2010; 39: 197-207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2009.10.022
- McKellar G, Lorentz I. The use of botulinum-toxin in the treatment of oromandibular dystonias and fractures of the mandibular condyle. Aust NZJ Med 1992; 22: 428.
- Capaccio P, Cuccarini V, Benicchio V, Minorati D, Spadari F, Ottaviani F. Treatment of iatrogenic submandibular sialocele with botulinum toxin. Case report. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2007; 45: 415-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjoms.2006.02.001
- Drobik C, Laskawi R. Frey's syndrome: Treatment with botulinum toxin. Acta Otolaryngol 1995; 115: 459-61. https://doi.org/10.3109/00016489509139348
- Lagalla G, Millevolte M, Capecci M, Provinciali L, Ceravolo MG. Botulinum toxin type a for drooling in parkinson's disease: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Mov Disord 2006; 21: 704-7. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.20793
- Laskawi R, Drobik C, Schonebeck C. Up-to-date report of botulinum toxin type a treatment in patients with gustatory sweating (frey's syndrome). Laryngoscope 1998; 108: 381-4. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005537-199803000-00013
- Ondo WG, Hunter C, Moore W. A double-blind placebo-controlled trial of botulinum toxin b for sialorrhea in parkinson's disease. Neurology 2004; 62: 37-40. https://doi.org/10.1212/01.WNL.0000101713.81253.4C
- Archana M. Toxin yet not toxic: Botulinum toxin in dentistry. The Saudi Dental Journal 2015.
- Brin MF, Boodhoo TI, Pogoda JM, James LM, Demos G, Terashima Y, et al. Safety and tolerability of onabotulinumtoxina in the treatment of facial lines: A metaanalysis of individual patient data from global clinical registration studies in 1678 participants. J Am Acad Dermatol 2009; 61: 961-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2009.06.040
- Berry MG, Stanek JJ. Botulinum neurotoxin a: A review. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2012; 65: 1283-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjps.2012.04.016
- Adelson RT. Botulinum neurotoxins: Fundamentals for the facial plastic surgeon. Am J Otolaryngol 2007; 28: 260-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjoto.2006.09.002
- Cote TR, Mohan AK, Polder JA, Walton MK, Braun MM. Botulinum toxin type a injections: Adverse events reported to the us food and drug administration in therapeutic and cosmetic cases. J Am Acad Dermatol 2005; 53: 407-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2005.06.011
- Critchfield J. Considering the immune response to botulinum toxin. Clin J Pain 2002; 18: S133-41. https://doi.org/10.1097/00002508-200211001-00004
- Kessler KR, Skutta M, Benecke R. Long-term treatment of cervical dystonia with botulinum toxin a: Efficacy, safety, and antibody frequency. German dystonia study group. J Neurol 1999; 246: 265-74. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004150050345
- Naumann M, Albanese A, Heinen F, Molenaers G, Relja M. Safety and efficacy of botulinum toxin type a following long-term use. Eur J Neurol 2006; 13: 35-40. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-1331.2006.01652.x
- Dressler D, Eleopra R. Clinical use of non-a botulinum toxins: Botulinum toxin type b. Neurotox Res 2006; 9: 121-5. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03033929
Cited by
- An epidemiological study on the prevalence of temporomandibular disorder and associated history and problems in Nepalese subjects vol.18, pp.1, 2016, https://doi.org/10.17245/jdapm.2018.18.1.27
- Treatment of post-traumatic chin deformities using bilateral botulinum toxin injections vol.20, pp.5, 2016, https://doi.org/10.7181/acfs.2019.00199
- Comparison of the Efficacy of Botulinum Toxin, Local Anesthesia, and Platelet-Rich Plasma Injections in Patients With Myofascial Trigger Points in the Masseter Muscle vol.79, pp.1, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joms.2020.09.013