References
- AOAC. 1990. Official Methods of Analysis. 15th edn. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Aarlington, VA, USA.
- Ao, X., T. X. Zhou, H. J. Kim, S. M. Hong, and I. H. Kim. 2011. Influence of fermented red ginseng extract on broilers and laying hens. Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci. 24:993-1000. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2011.10450
- Cheung, S. C. M., Y. T. Szeto, and I. F.F. Benzie. 2007. Antioxidant protection of edible oils. Plant Foods Hum. Nutr. 62:39-42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-006-0040-6
- Eisen, E. J., B. B. Bohren, and H. E. McKean. 1965. The haugh unit as a measure of egg albumen quality. Poult. Sci. 41:1461-1468.
- Ernst, E. 2010. Panax ginseng: An overview of the clinical evidence. J. Ginseng Res. 34:259-263. https://doi.org/10.5142/jgr.2010.34.4.259
- Gillis, C. N. 1997. Panax ginseng pharmacology: A nitric oxide link? Biochem. Pharmacol. 54:1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-2952(97)00193-7
- Han, K., I. C. Shin, K. J. Choi, Y. P. Yun, J. T. Hong, and K. W. Oh. 2005. Korea red ginseng water extract increases nitric oxide concentrations in exhaled breath. Nitric Oxide 12:159-162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.niox.2005.02.001
- Hu, Y. J., Y. C. Lin, G. L. Zhou, and D. Q. Yu. 2003. Effect of Chinese extracts on performance and T lymphocyte cell subset of yellow broilers. China Poult. 12:14-17.
- Jang, H. D., H. J. Kim, J. H. Cho, Y. J. Chen, J. S. Yoo, B. J. Min, J. C. Park, and I. H. Kim. 2007. Effect of dietary supplementation of fermented wild-ginseng culture byproducts on egg productivity, egg quality, blood characteristics and ginsenoside concentration of yolk in laying hen. Korean J. Poult. Sci. 34:271-278. https://doi.org/10.5536/KJPS.2007.34.4.271
- Jenkins, K. J. and A. S. Atwal. 1994. Effects of dietary saponins on fecal bile acids and neutral sterols, and availability of vitamins A and E in the chick. J. Nutr. Biochem. 5:134-137. https://doi.org/10.1016/0955-2863(94)90084-1
- Jin, Y., V. S. Kotakadi, L. Ying, A. B. Hofseth, X. Cui, P. A. Wood, A. Windust, L. E. Matesic, E. A. Pena, C. Chiuzan, N. P. Singh, M. Nagarkatti, P. S. Naharkatti, M. J. Wargovich, and L. J. Hofseth. 2008. American ginseng suppresses inflammation and DNA damage associated with mouse colitis. Carcinogenesis 29:2351-2359. https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/bgn211
- Kang, K. S., T. Yokozawa, N. Yambe, H. Y. Kim, and J. H. Park. 2007. ESR study on the structure and hydroxyl radicalscavenging activity relationships of ginsenosides isolate from Panax Ginseng C. A. Meyer. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 30:917-921. https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.30.917
- Kiefer, D. and T. Pantuso. 2003. Panax ginseng. Am. Fam. Physician 68:1539-1542.
- Kim, C. S., J. B. Park, K. J. Kim,S. J. Chang, S. W. Ryoo, and B. H. Jeon. 2002. Effect of Korea red ginseng on cerebral blood flow and superoxide production. Acta Pharmacol. Sin. 23:1152-1156.
- Kim, D. C. and M. J. In. 2010. Production of hydrolyzed red ginseng residue and its application to lactic acid bacteria cultivation. J. Ginseng Res. 34:321-326. https://doi.org/10.5142/jgr.2010.34.4.321
- Kim, H., I, Oh, K. H. Park, N. M. Kim, J. H. Do, and Y. Cho. 2009. Stimulatory effect of dietary red ginseng on epidermal hydration and ceramide levels in ultraviolet-irradiated hairless mice. J. Med. Food 12:746-754. https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2008.1185
- Kim, Y. J., G. D. Lee, and I. H. Choi, 2015. Effects of dietary red ginseng marc on egg production, egg quality and blood characteristics of laying hens. J. Appl. Anim. Res. 43:242-246. https://doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2014.928637
- Lee, J. H. and S. H. Cho. 2011. Korean red ginseng extract ameliorates skin lesions in NC/N ga mice: an atopic dermatitis model. J. Ethnopharmacol. 133:810-817. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2010.11.020
- Muwalla, M. M. and N. M. Abuirmeileh. 1990. Suppression of avian hepatic cholesterogenesis by dietary ginseng. J. Nutr. Biochem. 1:518-521. https://doi.org/10.1016/0955-2863(90)90034-I
- NRC. 1994. Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. 9th rev. edn. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, USA.
- Oakenfull, D. G. and G. S. Sidhu. 1990. Could saponins be a useful treatment for hypercholesterolaemia? Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 44:79-88.
- Park, E. K., M. K. Choo, M. J. Han, and D. H. Kim. 2004. Ginsenoside Rh 1 possesses antiallergic and anti-inflammatory activities. Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. 133:113-120. https://doi.org/10.1159/000076383
- Qureshi, A. A., Z. Z. Din, N. Abuirmeleh, W. C. Burger, Y. Ahmad, and C. E. Elson. 1983. Suppression of avian hepatic lipid metabolism by solvent extracts of garlic: Impact on serum lipids. J. Nutr. 113:1746-1755. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/113.9.1746
- Rao, A. V. and D. M. Gurfinkel. 2000. The bioactivity of saponins:Triterpenoid and steroidal glycosides. Durg Metabol. Drug Interact. 17:211-235.
- Rivera, E., S. Hu, and C. Concha. 2003. Ginseng and aluminum hydroxide act synergistically as vaccine adjuvants. Vaccine 21:1149-1157. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0264-410X(02)00518-2
- Shin, H. R., J. Y. Kim, T. K. Yun, G. Morgan, and H. Vainio. 2000. The cancer-preventive potential of Panax ginseng: A review of human and experimental evidence. Cancer Causes Control 11:565-576. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008980200583
- Sumiyoshi, M., M. Sakanaka, and Y. Kimura. 2010. Effects of red ginseng extract on allergic reactions to food in balb/c mice. J. Ethnopharmacol. 132:206-212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2010.08.012
- Sung, W. S. and D. G. Lee. 2008. The combination effect of Korean Red Ginseng Saponins with Kanamycin and Cefotaxime against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 31:1614-1617. https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.31.1614
- Szeto, Y. T., J. W. M. Wong, S. C. Y. Wong, S. C. Park, and I. F. F. Benzie. 2011. DNA protective effect of ginseng and the antagonistic effect of Chinese turnip: A preliminary study. Plant Foods Hum. Nutr. 66:97-100. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-011-0209-5
- Thomas, D. V., A. L. Molan, and A. V. Ravindran. 2010. The ability of green tea to positively modify the gut microflora in broiler chickens. Aust. Poult. Sci. Symp. 21:203-206.
- Wee, J. J., M. K. Park, and A. S. Chung. 2011. Biological activities of ginseng and its application to human health. In: Herbal Medicine: Biomolecular and Clinical Aspects (Eds. I. F. F. Benzie and S. Wachel-Galor). CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA. pp. 157-174.
Cited by
- Beneficial effects on skin health using polysaccharides from red ginseng by‐product vol.43, pp.8, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1111/jfbc.12961
- Avian influenza virus transmission is suppressed in chickens fed Lactobacillus paracasei expressing the 3D8 single-chain variable fragment protein vol.67, pp.4, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1556/004.2019.060
- Ginseng Extract Ameliorates the Negative Physiological Effects of Heat Stress by Supporting Heat Shock Response and Improving Intestinal Barrier Integrity: Evidence from Studies with Heat-Stressed Cac vol.25, pp.4, 2016, https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25040835