References
- Agrios, G. N. 2005. Plant pathology. 5th ed. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, USA.
- Biggs, A. R. 1986. Phellogen regeneration in injured peach tree bark. Ann. Bot. 57:463-470. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a087128
- Biggs, A. R. 1989. Temporal changes in the infection court after wounding of peach bark are associated with cultivar variation in infection by Leucostoma persoonii. Phytopathology 79:627-630. https://doi.org/10.1094/Phyto-79-627
- Chen, L. Q., Hou, B. H., Lalonde, S., Takanaga, H., Hartung, M. L., Qu, X. Q., Guo, W. J., Kim, J. G., Underwood, W., Chaudhuri, B., Chermak, D., Antony, G., White, F. F., Somerville, S. C., Mudgett, M. B. and Frommer, W. B. 2010. Sugar transporters for intercellular exchange and nutrition of pathogens. Nature 468:527-532. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09606
- Cowan, M. M. 1999. Plant products as antimicrobial agents. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 12:564-582.
- Elmore, S. 2007. Apoptosis: a review of programmed cell death. Toxicol. Pathol. 35:495-516. https://doi.org/10.1080/01926230701320337
- Esau, K. 1977. Anatomy of seed plants. 2nd ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, USA. 550 pp.
- Fadeel, B. and Xue, D. 2009. The ins and outs of phospholipid asymmetry in the plasma membrane: roles in health and disease. Crit. Rev. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 44:264-277. https://doi.org/10.1080/10409230903193307
- Fan, J., Crooks, C., Creissen, G., Hill, L., Fairhurst, S., Doerner, P. and Lamb, C. 2011. Pseudomonas sax genes overcome aliphatic isothiocyanate-mediated non-host resistance in Arabidopsis. Science 331:1185-1188. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1199707
- Glazebrook, J. 2005. Contrasting mechanisms of defense against biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 43:205-227. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.phyto.43.040204.135923
- Gomes, E., Jakobsen, M. K., Axelsen, K. B., Geisler, M. and Palmgren, M. G. 2000. Chilling tolerance in Arabidopsis involves ALA1, a member of a new family of putative aminophospholipid translocases. Plant Cell 12:2441-2454. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.12.12.2441
- Granville, D. J., Carthy, C. M., Hunt, D. W. and McManus, B. M. 1998. Apoptosis: molecular aspects of cell death and disease. Lab Invest. 78:893-913.
- Greenberg, J. T., Guo, A., Klessig, D. F. and Ausubel, F. M. 1994. Programmed cell death in plants: a pathogen-triggered response activated coordinately with multiple defense functions. Cell 77:551-563. https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(94)90217-8
- Ham, J. H., Kim, M. G., Lee, S. Y. and Mackey, D. 2007. Layered basal defenses underlie non-host resistance of Arabidopsis to Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola. Plant J. 51:604-616. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-313X.2007.03165.x
- Heath, M. C. 2000. Nonhost resistance and nonspecific plant defenses. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 3:315-319. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1369-5266(00)00087-X
- Hof, A., Zechmann, B., Schwammbach, D., Huckelhoven, R. and Doehlemann, G. 2014. Alternative cell death mechanisms determine epidermal resistance in incompatible barley-Ustilago interactions. Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 27:403-414. https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-10-13-0317-R
- Holub, E. B. and Cooper, A. 2004. Matrix, reinvention in plants: how genetics is unveiling secrets of non-host disease resistance. Trends Plant Sci. 9:211-214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2004.03.002
- Hwang, I., Lim, S. M. and Shaw, P. D. 1992. Use of detached soybean cotyledons for testing pathogenicity of Xanthomonas campestris pv. glycines. Plant Dis. 76:182-183. https://doi.org/10.1094/PD-76-0182
- Jensen W. A. 1962. Botanical histochemistry: principles and practice. W. H. Freeman, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Jeon, Y. H. and Kim, Y. H. 2008. Differential structural responses of ginseng root tissues to different initial inoculum levels of Paenibacillus polymyxa GBR-1. Plant Pathol. J. 24:352-356. https://doi.org/10.5423/PPJ.2008.24.3.352
- Jeon, Y. H., Kim, J. G., Chang, S. P., Hwang, I. and Kim, Y. H. 2002. Subcellular responses in nonhost plant infected with pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines. Plant Pathol. J. 18:115-120. https://doi.org/10.5423/PPJ.2002.18.3.115
- Jones, J. D. and Dangl, J. L. 2006. The plant immune system. Nature 444:323-329. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05286
- Kim, J. H., Kim, S. G., Kim, M. S., Jeon, Y. H., Cho, D. H. and Kim, Y. H. 2009. Different structural modifications associated with development of ginseng root rot caused by Cylindrocarpon destructans. Plant Pathol. J. 25:1-5. https://doi.org/10.5423/PPJ.2009.25.1.001
- Kim, K. H., Yoon, J. B., Park, H. G., Park, E. W. and Kim, Y. H. 2004. Structural modifications and programmed cell death of chili pepper fruit related to resistance responses to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides infection. Phytopathology 94:1295-1304. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO.2004.94.12.1295
- Kim, N. H. and Hwang, B. K. 2015. Pepper pathogenesisrelated protein 4c is a plasma membrane-localized cysteine protease inhibitor that is required for plant cell death and defense signaling. Plant J. 81:81-94. https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.12709
- Kim, S. G., Kim Y. H., Kim, H. T. and Kim, Y. H. 2008. Effect of delayed inoculation after wounding on the development of anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum acutatum on chili pepper fruit. Plant Pathol. J. 24:392-399. https://doi.org/10.5423/PPJ.2008.24.4.392
- Kim, Y. H. and Kim, K. H. 2002. Abscission layer formation as a resistance response of peruvian apple cactus against Glomerella cingulata. Phytopathology 92:964-969. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO.2002.92.9.964
- Kim, Y. H., Kim, K. S. and Riggs, R. D. 2010. Differential subcellular responses in resistance soybeans infected with soybean cyst nematode races. Plant Pathol. J. 26:154-158. https://doi.org/10.5423/PPJ.2010.26.2.154
- Kim, Y. H., Riggs, R. D. and Kim, K. S. 1987. Structural changes associated with resistance of soybean to Heterodera glycines. J. Nematol. 19:177-187.
- Kolattukudy, P. E. 1996. Biosynthetic pathways of cutin and waxes and their sensitivity to environmental stresses. In: Plant cuticle: an integrated functional approach, ed. by G. Kerstiens, pp. 83-108. BIOS Science Publishing, Oxford, UK.
- Lord, C. E. and Gunawardena, A. H. 2012. The lace plant: a novel model system to study plant proteases during developmental programmed cell death in vivo. Physiol. Plant. 145: 114-120. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.2012.01570.x
- Ma, L., Sun, N., Liu, X., Jiao, Y., Zhao, H. and Deng, X. W. 2005. Organ-specific expression of Arabidopsis genome during development. Plant Physiol. 138:80-91. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.104.054783
- McDowell, J. M. and Woffenden, B. J. 2003. Plant disease resistance genes: recent insights and potential applications. Trends Biotechnol. 21:178-183. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-7799(03)00053-2
- Melotto, M., Underwood, W. and He, S. Y. 2008. Role of stomata in plant innate immunity and foliar bacterial diseases. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 46:101-122. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.phyto.121107.104959
- Mysore, K. S. and Ryu, C. M. 2004. Nonhost resistance: how much do we know? Trends Plant Sci. 9:97-104.
- Nicoletti, I., Migliorati, G., Pagliacci, M. C., Grignani, F. and Riccardi, C. 1991. A rapid and simple method for measuring thymocyte apoptosis by propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry. J. Immunol. Methods 139:271-279. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1759(91)90198-O
- Park, B. K. and Hwang, I. 1999. Identification of hrcC, hrpF, and miaA genes of Xanthomonas campestris pv. glycines 8ra: roles in pathogenicity and inducing hypersensitive response on nonhost plants. Plant Pathol. J. 15:21-27.
- Parrish, J. Z. and Xue, D. 2006. Cuts can kill: the roles of apoptotic nucleases in cell death and animal development. Chromosoma 115:89-97. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00412-005-0038-0
- Rico, A. and Preston, G. M. 2008. Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 uses constitutive and apoplast-induced nutrient assimilation pathways to catabolize nutrients that are abundant in the tomato apoplast. Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 21:269-282. https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-21-2-0269
- Rittinger, P. A., Biggs, A. R. and Peirson, D. R. 1987. Histochemistry of lignin and suberin deposition in boundary layers formed after wounding in various plant species and organs. Can. J. Bot. 65:1886-1892. https://doi.org/10.1139/b87-258
- Senthil-Kumar, M. and Mysore, K. S. 2013. Nonhost resistance against bacterial pathogens: retrospectives and prospects. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 51:407-427. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-phyto-082712-102319
- Spurr, A. R. 1969. A low-viscosity epoxy resin embedding medium for electron microscopy. J. Ultrastruct. Res. 26:31-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5320(69)90033-1
- Strange, R. N. 1998. Plants under attack II. Sci. Prog. 81:35-68.
- Taheri, P. and Tarighi, S. 2011. Cytomolecular aspects of rice sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 129:511-528. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-010-9725-7
- Taheri, P. and Tarighi, S. 2012. The role of pathogenesis-related proteins in the tomato-Rhizoctonia solani interaction. J. Bot. 2012:137037.
- van Engeland, M., Kuijpers, H. J., Ramaekers, F. C., Reutelingsperger, C. P. and Schutte, B. 1997. Plasma membrane alterations and cytoskeletal changes in apoptosis. Exp. Cell Res. 235:421-430. https://doi.org/10.1006/excr.1997.3738
- van Engeland, M., Nieland, L. J., Ramaekers, F. C., Schutte, B. and Reutelingsperger, C. P. 1998. Annexin V-affinity assay: a review on an apoptosis detection system based on phosphatidylserine exposure. Cytometry 31:1-9. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0320(19980101)31:1<1::AID-CYTO1>3.0.CO;2-R
- Vera Cruz, C. M., Bai, J., Ona, I., Leung, H., Nelson, R. J., Mew, T. W. and Leach, J. E. 2000. Predicting durability of a disease resistance gene based on an assessment of the fitness loss and epidemiological consequences of avirulence gene mutation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 97:13500-13505. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.250271997
- Wang, K., Senthil-Kumar, M., Ryu, C. M., Kang, L. and Mysore, K. S. 2012. Phytosterols play a key role in plant innate immunity against bacterial pathogens by regulating nutrient efflux into the apoplast. Plant Physiol. 158:1789-1802. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.111.189217
- Wyllie, A. H. 1980. Glucocorticoid-induced thymocyte apoptosis is associated with endogenous endonuclease activation. Nature 284:555-556. https://doi.org/10.1038/284555a0
- Wyllie, A. H., Kerr, J. F. and Currie, A. R. 1980. Cell death: the significance of apoptosis. Int. Rev. Cytol. 68:251-306. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0074-7696(08)62312-8
- Yeung, E. C. 1998. A beginner's guide to the study of plant structure. In: Tested studies for laboratory teaching, ed. S. J. Karcher, pp. 125-142. Proceedings of the 19th Workshop/Conference of the Association for Biology Laboratory Education (ABLE). Kendall/Hunt Publishing, Dubuque, IA, USA.
- Yun, B. W. and Loake, G. J. 2002. Plant defense responses: current status and future exploitation. J. Plant Biotechnol. 4:1-6.
Cited by
- Electron microscopic observations of sooty moulds on crape myrtle leaves 2018, https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.12380