DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Design, Analysis, and Equivalent Circuit Modeling of Dual Band PIFA Using a Stub for Performance Enhancement

  • Yousaf, Jawad (Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University) ;
  • Jung, Hojin (Advanced H/W R&D Team 1, Mobile Communication Division, Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd.) ;
  • Kim, Kwangho (Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University) ;
  • Nah, Wansoo (Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University)
  • 투고 : 2016.04.01
  • 심사 : 2016.07.09
  • 발행 : 2016.07.31

초록

This work presents a new method for enhancing the performance of a dual band Planer Inverted-F Antenna (PIFA) and its lumped equivalent circuit formulation. The performance of a PIFA in terms of return loss, bandwidth, gain, and efficiency is improved with the addition of the proposed open stub in the radiating element of the PIFA without disturbing the operating resonance frequencies of the antenna. In specific cases, various simulated and fabricated PIFA models illustrate that the return loss, bandwidth, gain, and efficiency values of antennas with longer optimum open stub lengths can be enhanced up to 4.6 dB, 17%, 1.8 dBi, and 12.4% respectively, when compared with models that do not have open stubs. The proposed open stub is small and does not interfere with the surrounding active modules; therefore, this method is extremely attractive from a practical implementation point of view. The second presented work is a simple procedure for the development of a lumped equivalent circuit model of a dual band PIFA using the rational approximation of its frequency domain response. In this method, the PIFA's measured frequency response is approximated to a rational function using a vector fitting technique and then electrical circuit parameters are extracted from it. The measured results show good agreement with the electrical circuit results. A correlation study between circuit elements and physical open stub lengths in various antenna models is also discussed in detail; this information could be useful for the enhancement of the performance of a PIFA as well as for its systematic design. The computed radiated power obtained using the electrical model is in agreement with the radiated power results obtained through the full wave electromagnetic simulations of the antenna models. The presented approach offers the advantage of saving computation time for full wave EM simulations. In addition, the electrical circuit depicting almost perfect characteristics for return loss and radiated power can be shared with antenna users without sharing the actual antenna structure in cases involving confidentiality limitations.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. J. Anguera, A. Andujar, M. Huynh, C. Orlenius, C. Picher, and C. Puente, "Advances in antenna technology for wireless handheld devices," International Journal of Antennas and Propagation, vol. 2013, article no. 838364, pp. 1-25, 2013.
  2. K. L. Wong, Planar Antennas for Wireless Communications, New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2003.
  3. R. Hossa, A. Byndas, and M. Bialkowski, "Improvement of compact terminal antenna performance by incorporating open-end slots in ground plane," IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 283-285, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWC.2004.828007
  4. F. Yang, X. X. Zhang, X. Ye, and Y. Rahmat-Samii, "Wide-band E-shaped patch antennas for wireless communications," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 49, no. 7, pp. 1094-1100, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1109/8.933489
  5. J. S. Kuo and K. L. Wong, "Dual-frequency operation of a planar inverted-L antenna with tapered patch width," Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 126-127, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1002/1098-2760(20010120)28:2<126::AID-MOP14>3.0.CO;2-T
  6. K. L. Wong, Compact and Broadband Microstrip Antennas, New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2002.
  7. N. Firoozy and M. Shirazi, "Planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) design dissection for cellular communication application," Journal of Electromagnetic Analysis and Applications, vol. 3, no. 10, pp. 406-411, 2011. https://doi.org/10.4236/jemaa.2011.310064
  8. J. Chun, J. Shim, and T. S. Kim, "Design of wideband cylindrical monopole antenna," Journal of the Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 69-73, 2007. https://doi.org/10.5515/JKIEES.2007.7.2.069
  9. C. Rowell and R. Murch, "A compact PIFA suitable for dual-frequency 900/1,800-MHz operation," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 596-598, 1998. https://doi.org/10.1109/8.664127
  10. J. H. Lu and K. L. Wong, "Slot-loaded, meandered rectangular microstrip antenna with compact dual frequency operation," Electronics Letters, vol. 34, no. 11, pp. 1048-1050, 1998. https://doi.org/10.1049/el:19980737
  11. H. D. Chen, "Compact circularly polarised microstrip antenna with slotted ground plane," Electronics Letters, vol. 38, no. 13, pp. 616-617, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1049/el:20020425
  12. T. Sugiyama, H. Horita, Y. Shirakawa, M. Ikegaya, S. Takaba, and H. Tate, "Triple-band internal antenna for clamshell type mobile phone," Hitachi Cable Review, no. 2, pp. 26-31, 2003.
  13. M. Salehi and M. Manteghi, "Transient characteristics of small antennas," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 62, no. 5, pp. 2418-2429, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2014.2307353
  14. M. Hamid and R. Hamid, "Equivalent circuit of dipole antenna of arbitrary length," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 45, no. 11, pp. 1695-1696, 1997. https://doi.org/10.1109/8.650083
  15. Y. Liao, T. H. Hubing, and D. Su, "Equivalent circuit for dipole antennas in a lossy medium," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 60, no. 8, pp. 3950-3953, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2012.2201112
  16. J. P. Kim, "Network modeling and circuit characteristics of aperture coupled vertically mounted strip antenna," Journal of the Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 122-127, 2011. https://doi.org/10.5515/JKIEES.2011.11.2.122
  17. T. G. Tang, Q. M. Tieng, and M. W. Gunn, "Equivalent circuit of a dipole antenna using frequency-independent lumped elements," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 100-103, 1993. https://doi.org/10.1109/8.210122
  18. Y. Liao, K. Cai, T. H. Hubing, and X. Wang, "Equivalent circuit of normal mode helical antennas using frequency-independent lumped elements," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 62, no. 11, pp. 5885-5888, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2014.2352360
  19. R. Bhattacharya, S. Srikanth, R. Garg, and T. Bhattacharyya, "Physics-based compact lumped circuit model of PIFA using a retarded partial element equivalent circuit," in Proceedings of IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Antennas and Propagation (APCAP), Singapore, 2012, pp. 315-316.
  20. K. Boyle and L. Ligthart, "Radiating and balanced mode analysis of PIFA antennas," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 231-237, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2005.861537
  21. Z. Qi, F. Kan, and T. Z. Liang, "Analysis of planar inverted-F antenna using equivalent models," in Proceedings of IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, Washington, DC, 2005, pp. 142-145.
  22. S. C. Del Barrio, M. Pelosi, O. Franek, and G. Pedersen, "Equivalent circuit model of a high Q tunable PIFA," in Proceedings of 2001 IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, San Francisco, CA, 2011, pp. 1-4.
  23. A. Cabedo, J. Anguera, C. Picher, M. Ribo, and C. Puente, "Multiband handset antenna combining a PIFA, slots, and ground plane modes," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 57, no. 9, pp. 2526-2533, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2009.2027039
  24. B. Gustavsen and A. Semlyen, "Rational approximation of frequency domain responses by vector fitting," IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 1052-1061, 1999. https://doi.org/10.1109/61.772353
  25. J. Yousaf, H. Jung, and W. Nah, "Equivalent circuit modeling of dual band PIFA using rational approximation," in Proceedings of 2014 Korea-Japan Microwave Workshop, Suwon, Korea, 2014, pp. 63-64.
  26. P. Russer, M. Righi, C. Eswarappa, and W. J. R. Hoefer, "Lumped element equivalent circuit parameter extraction of distributed microwave circuits via TLM simulation," in Proceedings of IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest, San Diego, CA, 1994, pp. 887-890.
  27. B. Gustavsen, "Computer code for rational approximation of frequency dependent admittance matrices," IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 1093-1098, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRD.2002.803829
  28. M. Gustafsson, C. Sohl, and G. Kristensson, "Physical limitations on antennas of arbitrary shape," Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, vol. 463, no. 2086, pp. 2589-2607, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2007.1893
  29. R. F. Harrington, "Effect of antenna size on gain, bandwidth, and efficiency," Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards, vol. 64D, no. 1, pp. 1-12, 1960.
  30. IEEE Standard Test Procedures for Antennas, IEEE Standard 149-1979, 1979.
  31. G. R. DeJean and M. M. Tentzeris, "The application of lumped element equivalent circuits approach to the design of single-port microstrip antennas," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 55, no. 9, pp. 2468-2472, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2007.904129
  32. M. M. M. Ali, A. A. R. Saad, and E. E. M. Khaled, "A design of miniaturized ultra-wideband printed slot antenna with 3.5/5.5 GHz dual band-notched characteristics: analysis and implementation," Progress in Electromagnetics Research B, vol. 52, pp. 37-56, 2013. https://doi.org/10.2528/PIERB13041303
  33. B. Gustavsen and A. Semlyen, "Enforcing passivity for admittance matrices approximated by rational functions," IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 97-104, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1109/59.910786

피인용 문헌

  1. Mobile antenna performance improvement by ground mode tuning using a closed loop vol.11, pp.8, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-map.2016.0638
  2. Efficient Circuit and an EM Model of an Electrostatic Discharge Generator vol.60, pp.4, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1109/TEMC.2017.2787189
  3. Design of a Vivaldi-Fed Hybrid Horn Antenna for Low-Frequency Gain Enhancement vol.66, pp.1, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2017.2776608
  4. Hybrid Robust Optimization for the Design of a Smartphone Metal Frame Antenna vol.2018, pp.1687-5877, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6325806
  5. Planar Inverted-F Antenna (PIFA) Using Microfluidic Impedance Tuner vol.18, pp.10, 2018, https://doi.org/10.3390/s18103176
  6. Application of a Compact Electromagnetic Bandgap Array in a Phone Case for Suppression of Mobile Phone Radiation Exposure vol.66, pp.5, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2017.2786287
  7. Ultra Wideband Spherical Self-Complementary Antenna with Capacitive and Inductive Loadings vol.14, pp.2, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1007/s42835-018-00053-1