DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Factor Analysis of Decreased Score on Coronary Artery Calcium Score

관상동맥 석회화점수 감소 요인 분석

  • Shim, Jae-Goo (Department of Radiologic Technology, Daegu Health College) ;
  • Kim, Yon-Min (Department of Radiotechnology, Wonkwang Health Science University) ;
  • Kim, Jin-Woo (Department of Health Promotion, Samsung Medical Center)
  • 심재구 (대구보건대학교 방사선과) ;
  • 김연민 (원광보건대학교 방사선과) ;
  • 김진우 (삼성서울병원 건강의학센터)
  • Received : 2016.06.10
  • Accepted : 2016.06.30
  • Published : 2016.06.30

Abstract

The purpose of our study was to retrospectively evaluate the cause of a decreased calcium score of follow-up studies on coronary artery calcium scores (CACs) computed tomography (CT). The subjects were healthy 100 people(85 males $60.6{\pm}6.9$ years, 15 females $67.2{\pm}7.3$ years). The subjects decreased CACs were divided into 4 subgroups depending on Agatston classification, minimal (1-10), mild (11-100), moderate (101-400), severe (400<). As a result of decreased CACs were scan location disagreement 51%, motion artifact 26%, equipment changes 14%, operator mistakes 5%, input miss 2%, image loss 1%, arrhythmia 1%. In the mild group, the most common decreased CACs were 49 people. In the minimal group, the most significant variation reduction has occurred to 6 people. Scan location disagreement was considered a partial volume effects due to the scan starting position. It showed less than 100 CACs a high variation (19.7%) in more than 100 CACs, a lower variation (2.2%), these could be seen that the variation range is different that can be tolerated according to the calcification score. Motion artifact factor was found in 26%, which is so closely related to the preceding tests that affect the higher heart rate like this pulmonary function test, exercise stress test.

이 연구는 관상동맥 CT 석회화점수 검사를 2회 이상 받은 자 중에서, 이전에 비하여 점수가 낮아진 원인을 후향적으로 분석하였다. 건강검자 환자 100명(남자 85명 $60.6{\pm}6.9$세, 여자 15명 $67.2{\pm}7.3$세)을 대상으로 하였다. 석회화점수 감소가 발생한 경우를 Agatston의 분류 방법에 따라 minimal (1-10), mild(11-100), moderate(101-400), severe (400< ) 4개 그룹으로 분류하였다. Mild 그룹에서 49명으로 가장 많았으며, minimal 그룹에서 감소율 변동이 가장 크게 나타났다. 석회화점수 감소 요인은 Scan location 불일치 51%, Motion artifact 26%, 장비변동 14%, 작업자의 실수 5%, 입력 miss 2%, Image loss 1%, 부정맥 1% 로 나타났다. Scan location의 불일치는 scan된 석회화의 slice 위치에 따른 부분체적 효과로 생각되며, 관상동맥 석회화 점수가 작은 100 이하 그룹에서는 높은 변화폭(19.7%)이 나타났고 100 이상의 그룹에서는 낮은 변화폭(2.2%)을 보여 석회화 점수에 따라 허용될 수 있는 변화폭이 달라진다는 것을 알 수 있었다. Motion artifact 요인은 26%로 나타났으며, 이는 높은 심박동에 의한 것으로 심박동이 높거나 검사 전 폐기능, 운동부하 등 심박동에 영향을 미치는 선행검사와 밀접한 관련이 있었다.

Keywords

References

  1. Oudkerk M, Stillman AE, Halliburton SS, et al., "Coronary artery calcium screening: current status and recommendations from the European Society of Cardiac Radiology and North American Society for Cardiovascular Imaging". Int J Cardiovasc Imaging Vol. 24, No. 6, pp. 645-671, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10554-008-9319-z
  2. Greenland P, Bonow RO, Brundage BH, et al., " ACCF/AHA 2007 clinical expert consensus document on coronary artery calcium scoring by computed tomography in global cardiovascular risk assessment and in evaluation of patients with chest pain: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Clinical Expert Consensus Task Force (ACCF/AHA Writing Committee to Update the 2000 Expert Consensus Document on Electron Beam Computed Tomography)", Circulation, Vol. 115, pp. 402-426, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA..107.181425
  3. Agatston AS, Janowitz WR, Hildner FJet. al., "Quantification of coronary artery calcium using ultrafast computed tomography", J Am Coll Cardiology, Vol. 15, pp. 827-832, 1990. https://doi.org/10.1016/0735-1097(90)90282-T
  4. Taylor AJ, Bindeman J, Feuerstein I, et. al., "Coronary calcium independently predicts incident premature coronary heart disease over measured cardiovascular risk factors: mean three-year outcomes on the Prospective Army Coronary Calcium(PACC)project", J Am Coll Cardiology, Vol. 46, No. 5, pp. 807-814, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2005.05.049
  5. Shaw LJ, Raggi P, Schisterman E, et. al., "Prognostic value of cardiac risk factors and coronary artery calcium screening for all-cause mortality", Radiology, Vol. 228, No. 3, pp. 826-833, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2283021006
  6. Kondos GT, Hoff JA, Sevrukov A, et. al., "Electron-beam tomography coronary artery calcium and cardiac events: a 37-month follw-up of 5635 initially asymp-tomatic low-to intermediate-risk adults", Circulation, Vol. 107, No. 20, pp. 2571-2576, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000068341.61180.55
  7. Heangsoo Yoo, Jikoon Park, Bongjae Jung, et. al., "Potential Risk Assessment of Cardiovascular Disease in Low Calcium-Score", J. Korean. Soc. Radiology, Vol. 7, No. 6, pp. 369-376, 2013. https://doi.org/10.7742/jksr.2013.7.6.369
  8. Mao S, Bakhsheshi H, Lu B, Liu SC, et.al., "Effect of electrocardiogram triggering on reproducibility of coronary artery calcium scoring", Radiology, Vol. 22, No. 3, pp 707-711, 2001.
  9. Mao S, Budoff MJ, Bakhsheshi H, et. al., "Improved reproducibility of coronary artery calcium scoring by electron beam tomography with a new electrocardiographic trigger method", Invest Radiology, Vol. 36, No. 7, pp 363-367, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004424-200107000-00002
  10. Achenbach S, Ropers D, Mohlenkamp S, et al., "Variability of repeated coronary artery calcium measurements by electron beam tomography", Am J Cardiology, Vol. 87, No. 2, pp 201-213, 2001.
  11. Wang S, Detrano RC, Secci A, et al., "Detection of coronary calcification with electron-beam computed to mography: evaluation of interexamination reproducibility and comparison of three image-acquisition protocols", Am Heart J, vol. 132, No. 3, pp 550-558, 1996. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-8703(96)90237-9
  12. Devries S, Wolfkiel C, Shah V, et. al., "Reproducibility of the measurement of coronary calcium with ultrafast computed tomography", Am J Cardiology, Vol. 75, No. 14, pp 973-975, 1995. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9149(99)80706-1
  13. Callister TQ, Cooil B, Raya SP, et. al., "Coronary artery disease: improved reproducibility of calcium scoring with an electron-beam CT volumetric method", Radiology, Vol. 208, No. 3, pp 807-814, 1998. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiology.208.3.9722864
  14. Annemarieke Rutten, Ivana Isgum, Mathias Prokop, "Coronary Calcification: Effect of Small Variation of Scan Starting Position on Agatston, Volume, and Mass Scores" Radiology, Vol. 246, No. 1, pp. 90-98, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2461070006