환경생물 (Korean Journal of Environmental Biology)

  • 제34권2호
  • /
  • Pages.124-131
  • /
  • 2016
  • /
  • 1226-9999(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2287-7851(eISSN)
한국환경생물학회 (Korean Society of Environmental Biology)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Euglena 운동성 측정장치를 이용한 생태독성평가

Ecotoxicity Test Using E. agilis Biomonitoring System

  • 이정아 (경기대학교 환경에너지공학과) ;
  • 김경남 ((주)마이크로디지탈) ;
  • 박다경 (경기대학교 환경에너지공학과)
  • Lee, Junga (Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University) ;
  • Kim, Kyung Nam (MICRODIGITAL CO., LTD.) ;
  • Park, Da Kyung (Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University)
  • 투고 : 2016.05.18
  • 심사 : 2016.06.24
  • 발행 : 2016.06.30
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

Euglena agilis의 운동성 반응을 자동으로 측정하는 장치인 E. agilis 시스템 (E-Tox)을 이용하여 8종의 중금속 (Ag, Cd, Cr(VI), Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Zn)에 대한 독성시험을 실시하였다. E. agilis 운동성 시험 (biomonitoring test)으로부터 도출된 $EC_{50}$과 문헌상의 자료 조사로 얻은 기존 생태독성 시험 생물 종들(D. magna, V. fischeri, 그리고 E. gracilis)의 $EC_{50}$을 비교하여 시험물질에 대한 E. agilis의 독성 민감도를 평가하였다. 또한 축산폐수 방류수, 도금폐수 방류수, 도금폐수 1차 처리 시료에 대해 D. magna 급성 독성시험과 E. agilis 운동성 반응 시험을 수행 후 TU를 비교하여 E. agilis 운동성 시험의 현장 적용 가능성을 평가하였다. E. agilis는 시험 중금속에 대해 D. magna보다 독성민감도가 전반적으로 낮았으나 V. fischeri 또는 E. gracilis와 유사하거나 좀 더 민감하였다. E. agilis는 D. magna test로 유독성으로 판명된 도금폐수 1차 처리수에 대해 신속한 독성반응을 나타내었다. E-Tox 시스템은 기존의 생태독성시험장비에 비해 빠르고 작동이 간편한 자동화 기기라는 장점이 있다. 본 연구의 결과 E-Tox 시스템을 이용한 E. agilis 운동성 시험은 향후 독성폐수에 대한 조기경보를 위한 생태독성시험법으로 적용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

The toxic responses of flagellate Euglena agilis Carter to 8 heavy metals (Ag, Cd, Cr (VI), Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Zn) were measured using E. agilis system (E-Tox), an automated biomonitoring system. The E-Tox measures cell movement parameters, such as velocity, motility, and forms of the cells, as biological endpoints. $EC_{50}$ values from the E. agilis biomonitoring test were compared with the literature data from the tests with Daphnia magna, Vibrio fischeri and Euglena gracilis. Measurement of the E. agilis movement behavior and D. magna acute toxicity test were also conducted for the wastewater samples. E. agilis is less sensitive than D. magna but is comparable to or more sensitive than V. fischeri and E. gracilis for the heavy metals tested in this study. E. agilis shows prompt changes of these parameters for the toxic metal plating wastewater. Major advantages of the E-tox are automatic, easy to handle and fast ecotoxicity monitoring system compared to other biological test systems. These results imply that E. agilis biomonitoring test using E-Tox can be a putative ecotoxicity test as a good early warning tool for the monitoring of toxic wastewater.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Azizullah A, P Richter, M Jamil and DP Hader. 2012. Chronic toxicity of a laundry detergent to the freshwater flagellate Euglena gracilis. Ecotoxicology 21:1957-1964. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-012-0930-3
  2. Backhaus T, K Froehner, R Altenburger and LH Grimme. 1997. Toxicity testing with Vibrio fischeri: A comparison between the long term (24 h) and the short term (30 min) bioassay. Chemosphere 35:2925-2938. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(97)00340-8
  3. Biesinger Kenneth E and GM Christensen. 1972. Effects of Various Metals on Survival, Growth, Reproduction, and Metabolism of Daphnia magna.
  4. Blaise C, R Forghani, R Legault, J Guzzo and MS Dubow. 1994. A bacterial toxicity assay performed with microplates, microluminometry and Microtox reagent. BioTechniques 16:932-937.
  5. Brochiero E, J Bonaly and JC Mestre. 1984. Toxic action of hexavalent chromium on Euglena gracilis cells strain Z grown under heterotrophic conditions. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 13:603-608. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01056339
  6. Cramer M and J Myers. 1952. Growth and photosynthetic characteristics of Euglena gracilis. Arch. Microbiol. 17:384-402.
  7. Einicker-Lamas M, GA Mezian, TB Fernandes, FLS Silva, F Guerra, K Miranda, M Attias and MM Oliveira. 2002. Euglena gracilis as a model for the study of $Cu^{2+}$ and $Zn^{2+}$ toxicity and accumulation in eukaryotic cells. Environ. Pollut. 120:779-786. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(02)00170-7
  8. Hader DP. 1987. Polarotaxis, gravitaxis and vertical phototaxis in the green flagellate, Euglena gracilis. Arch. Microbiol. 147:179-183. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00415281
  9. Hader DP. 1991. Phototaxis and Gravitaxis in Euglena gracilis. NATO ADV SCI I A-LIF. 211:203-221.
  10. Hao OJ., C-F Lin, F-T Jeng and C-J Shih. 1995. A review of microtox test and its applications. Toxicol. Environ. Chem. 52:57-76. https://doi.org/10.1080/02772249509358249
  11. Kaiser KLE and VS Palabrica. 1991. Photobacterium phosphoreum toxicity data index. Water Qual. Res. J. Can. 26:361-431.
  12. Korea Ministry of environment. 2009. Ecotoxicological system Manual work.
  13. Korea Ministry of environment. 2011. Official Test Methods of water quality Acute Toxicity Test Method of the Daphnia magna Straus.
  14. LeBlanc GA. 1980. Acute toxicity of priority pollutants to water flea (Daphnia magna). B. Environ. Contam. Tox. 24:684-691. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01608174
  15. Lee JA, SW Chang, JT Kim and DW Kim. 2015. Toxic effects of 5 organic solvents on Euglena agilis. Korean J. Environ. Biol. 33:45-52. https://doi.org/10.11626/KJEB.2015.33.1.045
  16. Mount DI and TJ Norberg. 1984. A seven-day Life-cycle Cladoceran Toxicity Test. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 3:425-434. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620030307
  17. Munkittrick KR, EA Power and GA Sergy. 1991. The relative sensitivity of microtox(R), daphnid, rainbow trout, and fathead minnow acute lethality tests. Environ. Toxicol. Water Qual. 6:35-62. https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.2530060105
  18. Reference list of chemicals for the LUMIStox luminating bacteria test (Referenzliste Chemikalien fur den LUMIStox Leuchtbakterientest).1997. Dr. Bruno Lange GmbH, Berlin. Germany.
  19. Stallwitz Elke and Donat-P. Hader. 1994. Effects of heavy metals on motility and gravitactic orientation of the flagellate, Euglena gracilis. Eur. J. Protistol. 30:18-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0932-4739(11)80194-X
  20. Starr RC. 1971. The culture collection of algae at Indiana University. J. Phycol. 7:350-362.
  21. Tahedl H and DP Hader. 1999. Fast examination of water quality using the automatic biotest ECOTOX based on the movement behavior of a freshwater flagellate. Water Res. 33:426-432. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(98)00224-3
  22. Tahedl H and DP Hader. 2001. Automated biomonitoring using real time movement analysis of Euglena gracilis. Ecotox. Environ. Safe. 48:161-169. https://doi.org/10.1006/eesa.2000.2004
  23. Tahedl H and DP Hader. 2001. Automated biomonitoring using real time movement analysis of Euglena gracilis. Ecotox Environ. Safe. 48:161-169. https://doi.org/10.1006/eesa.2000.2004
  24. Tusseau-Vuillemin M-H, R Gilbin, E Bakkaus and J Garric. 2004. Performance of diffusion gradient in thin films to evaluate the toxic fraction of copper to Daphnia magna. Environ Toxicol. 23:2154-2161. https://doi.org/10.1897/03-202a
  25. US Environmental Protection Agency. 2002. Methods for measuring the acute toxicity of effluents and receiving waters to freshwater and marine organisms.
  26. Vinot H and JP Larpent. 1984. Water pollution by uranium ore treatment works. Hydrobiologia 112:125-129. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00006916