Journal of Animal Science and Technology

Korean Society of Animal Sciences and Technology (한국축산학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Variety and phosphate fertilizer dose effect on nutrient composition, in vitro digestibility and feeding value of cowpea haulm

  • Ansah, Terry (University for Development studies, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science) ;
  • Algma, Henry Ayindoh (University for Development studies, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science) ;
  • Dei, Herbert Kwabla (University for Development studies, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science)
  • Received : 2015.12.01
  • Accepted : 2016.04.20
  • Published : 2016.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Background: Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.]) is a legume cultivated throughout most tropical countries and is valued as food and feed for human and livestock respectively. The search for an improved cowpea variety has been on-going with the aim of improving traits such as grain yield, drought and pest resistance. But no information exist on the feeding value of these improved varieties. Phosphate (P) fertilizer application is recommended to augment grain yield in grain legumes but data on the effect of P fertilizer on haulm quality is limited. Results: Two separate experiments were conducted to determine the effect of P fertilizer dose on the nutritive value of haulms from different cowpea varieties (V). In experiment 1, effect of three P doses (30, 60 and 90 kg $P_2O_5/ha$) on in vitro gas production (IVGP) characteristics, concentrations of digestible organic matter (DOM), crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) of haulms from five cowpea varieties (Zaayura-SARC 4-75, Songotra-IT97K-499-35, Hewale-IT93K-192-4, IT99K 573-1-1 and Asomdwe-IT94K-410-2) were investigated using the $3(P){\times}5(V)$ factorial treatment arrangements in a completely randomized design. In experiment 2, the effects of two P doses (30 and 90 kg $P_2O_5/ha$) and two varieties (Zaayura-SARC 4-75 and Hewale-IT93K-192-4) on the voluntary feed intake, live weight, haematology and carcass characteristics of Djallonke lambs were also assessed using a $2(P){\times}2(V)$ factorial treatment arrangement. The $V{\times}P$ interaction significantly affected CP, NDF and ADF with CP concentration increasing with increase in P doses in Zaayura-SARC 4-75 and Asomdwe-IT94K-410-2. Whilst an increase (P < 0.05) in NDF was observed in Songotra-IT97K-499-35and Asomdwe-IT94K-410-2 as P doses increased, the other V only increased from P dose 30 to 60 kg/ha and declined at P dose 90 kg/ha. The ADF decreased (P < 0.05) with increase in P dose for all V with the exception of Songotra-IT97K-499-35. There was a significant V effect on DOM with the highest reported in Zaayura-SARC 4-75 (43.44 %). Daily DM intake, carcass length and blood urea nitrogen of the lambs were significantly affected by the V x P interaction. There was a significant V effect on globulin and P effect on live weight at slaughter, dressed weight, chuck, leg, loin, rib and flank and liver and lungs. Conclusion: It can be concluded that nutrient concentrations of cowpea haulms were positively influenced by different P dose and varieties with favorable effects on growth, haematology and carcass composition of lambs. Varieties Zaayura-SARC 4-75 and Hewale-IT93K-192-4 at P dose at 90 kg/ha are recommended to enhance growth performance and carcass yield of Djallonke lambs.

Keywords

References

  1. Grings EE, Tarawali SA, Blummel M, Musa A, Fatokun C, Hearne S, et al. Proc. 5th World Cowpea Conference. Senegal: IITA; 2012. p. 323-33.
  2. Tolera A, Yami A, Alemu D. Livestock feed resources in Ethiopia: challenges, opportunities and the need for transformation. Addis Ababa: Ethiopian Animal Feed Industry Association; 2012. p. 37-46.
  3. Abule E, Umunna NN, Nsahlai IV, Osuji PO, Alemu Y. The effect of supplementing teff (Eragrostis tef) straw with graded levels of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and lablab (Lablab purpureus) hays on degradation, rumen particle passage and intake by crossbred (Friesian x Boran (zebu)) calves. Lives Product Sci. 1995;44:221-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-6226(95)00077-1
  4. Chakeredza S, ter Meulen U, Ndlovu LR. Ruminal fermentation kinetics in ewes offered a maize stover basal diet supplemented with cowpea hay, groundnut hay, cotton seed meal or maize meal. Trop Anim Prod. 2002;34:215-23. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015230608630
  5. Singh BB, Tarawali SA. Cowpea and its improvement: key to sustainable mixed crop/livestock farming systems in West Africa. In: Renard C, editor. Crop residues in sustainable mixed crop/livestock farming systems. Wallingford: CAB International; 1997. p. 79-100.
  6. Singh A, Baoule AL, Ahmed HG, Dikko AU, Aliyu U, Sokoto MB, Alhassan J, Musa M, Haliru B. Influence of phosphorus on the performance of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) Varieties in the sudan savanna of Nigeria. Agric Sci. 2011;2:313-7.
  7. Turk M, Albayrak S, Yuksel O. Effects of phosphorus fertilization and harvesting stages on forage yield and quality of narbon vetch. The New Zealand J Agric Res. 2007;50:457-62. https://doi.org/10.1080/00288230709510313
  8. Orskov ER, Hovell FD, Mould F. The use of the nylon bag technique for the evaluation of feedstuffs. Trop Anim Prod. 1980;5:195-213.
  9. Menke KH, Steingass H. Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and in vitro gas production using rumen fluid. Anim Res and develop. 1988;28:7-55.
  10. Theodorou MK, Williams BA, Dhanoa MS, McAllan AB, France J. A simple gas production method using a pressure transducer to determine the fermentation kinetics of ruminant feeds. Anim Feed Sci Technol. 1994;48:185-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8401(94)90171-6
  11. Chaudhry AS, Mohamed RAI. Fresh or frozen rumen contents from slaughtered cattle to estimate in vitro degradation of two contrasting feeds. Czech J Anim Sci. 2012;57:265-73. https://doi.org/10.17221/5961-CJAS
  12. Mutimura M, Myambi CB, Gahunga P, Mgheni DM, Laswai GH, Mtenga LA, Gahakwa D, Kimambo AE, Ebong C. Rumen liquor from slaughtered cattle as a source of inoculum for in-vitro gas production technique in forage evaluation. Agric J. 2013;8:173-80.
  13. AOAC. Official methods of analysis of AOAC international. 17th ed. 2000.
  14. Van Soest PJ, Robertson JB, Lewis BA. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J Dairy Sci. 1991;74:3583-97. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2
  15. McDougall EI. Studies on ruminant saliva; The composition and output of sheep's saliva. Biochem J. 1948;43:99-109. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0430099
  16. Orskov ER, McDonald I. The estimation of protein degradability in the rumen from incubation measurements weighted according to rate of passage. J Agric Sci (Cambridge). 1979;92:499-503. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600063048
  17. Anele UY, Arigbede OM, Sudekum KH, Ike KA, Olanite JA, Amole GA, Dele PA, Jolaosho AO. Effects of processed cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) haulms as a feedsupplement on voluntary intake, utilization and blood profile of West Africa dwarf sheep fed abasal diet of Pennisetum purpreum in the dry season. Anim Feed Sci Technol. 2010;159:10-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2010.05.004
  18. Turk M, Albayrak S, Tuzun CG, Yuksel O. Effects of fertilization and Harvesting stages on forage Yield and Quality of sainfoin (Onobrychis sativa l.). Bulgarian J of Agric Sci. 2011;17:789-94.
  19. Crowder LV, Chheda HR. Tropical grassland husbandry. Tropical agri. Series. London: Longman; 1982.
  20. NRC (National Research Council). Nutrient requirements of small ruminants. sheep, goats, cervids and New World Camelids. National Academy of Science: Washington; 2007.
  21. Ncube S, Saidi PT, Halimani TE. Effect of stage of growth and processing methods on the nutritional content of Acacia angustissima leaf meal harvested for broiler feeding. Livest. Res. for Rural Develop. 2015. p. 27.
  22. Riaz MQ, Südekum KH, Clauss M, Jayanegara A. Voluntary feed intake and digestibility of four domestic ruminant species as influenced by dietary constituents: A meta-analysis. Livest Sci. 2014;162:76-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2014.01.009
  23. FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization). Small ruminant production and the small ruminant genetic resource in tropical Africa. Rome: Animal production and health paper; 1991.
  24. Ewuola EO, Folayan OA, Gbore FA, Adebunmi AI, Akanji RA, Ogunlade JT, Adeneye JA. Physiological response of growing West African Dwarf goats fed groundnut shell-based diets as the concentrate supplements. Bowen J Agric. 2004;11:61-9.
  25. Baiden RY, Rhule SWA, Otsyina HR, Sottie ET, Ameleke G. Performance of West African dwarf sheep and goats fed varying levels of cassava pulp as a replacement for cassava peels. Livest Res for Rural Develop. 2007;19.
  26. Bawala TO, Adegoke EO, Ojekunle AO, Adu IF, Aina ABJ. Utilization of cassava peel and rumen epithelial waste diets by West African dwarf sheep. Asset Series A. 2007;7:168-80.
  27. Ismail AM, Abou-El-Ellaa MA, Sedki AA. Blood metabolites, growth and reproductive performance and immune responsiveness in growing and doe rabbits as affected by Acitrol treatments. Egyptian J of Agric Res. 2002;80: 1789-808.

Cited by

  1. In vitro digestibility and methane gas production of fodder from improved cowpea ( L.) and groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) varieties vol.13, pp.None, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2021.e00897