Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention (아시아태평양암예방학회)
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Efficacy and Safety of Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists for Prevention of Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

  • Yuan, Dong-Mei (Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine) ;
  • Li, Qian (Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine) ;
  • Zhang, Qin (Department of Gynecology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine) ;
  • Xiao, Xin-Wu (Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine) ;
  • Yao, Yan-Wen (Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine) ;
  • Zhang, Yan (Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine) ;
  • Lv, Yan-Ling (Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Southeast University) ;
  • Liu, Hong-Bin (Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine) ;
  • Lv, Tang-Feng (Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine) ;
  • Song, Yong (Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine)
  • Published : 2016.06.01
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Abstract

Objectives: Can addition of neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists (NK1-RAs) be considered as an ideal strategy for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV)? Researchers differ on this question. Materials and Methods: Electronic databases were searched for randomized control trials (RCTs) that evaluated the effectiveness and safety of NK1-RAs in preventing CINV. The primary end point was complete response (CR) in the acute, delayed, and overall phases after chemotherapy. Subgroup analyses evaluated the types of NK1-RAs, routines of administration, types of malignancies, regimens used in combination with NK1-RAs, and age of patients included in the studies. The incidences of different types of adverse events were also extracted to estimate the safety of NK1-RAs. Results: A total of 38 RCTs involving 13,923 patients were identified. The CR rate of patients receiving NK-RAs was significantly higher than patients in the control groups during overall phase (70.8% vs 56.0%, P<0.001), acute phase (85.1% vs 79.6%, P<0.001), and delayed phase (71.4% vs 58.2%, P<0.001). There were three studies including patients of children or adolescents, the CR rate was also significantly higher in the treatment group (overall phase: OR=2.807, P<0.001; acute phase: OR=2.863, P =0.012; delayed phase: OR=2.417, P<0.001). For all the other outcomes, patients in the NK1-RAs groups showed improvements compared to the control groups (incidence of nausea: 45.2% vs 45.9%, P<0.001; occurrence of vomiting: 22.6% vs 38.9%, P<0.001; usage of rescue drugs: 23.5% vs 34.1%, P<0.001). The pooled side effects from NK1-RAs did not significantly differ from previous reports and the toxicity rates in patients less than eighteen years old also did not diff between the two groups (P=0.497). However, we found that constipation and insomnia were more common in the patients of control groups, whereas diarrhea and hiccups were more frequently detected in patients receiving NK1-RAs. Conclusions: NK1-RAs improved the CR rate of CINV. They are effective for both adults and children. The use of NK1-RAs might be associated with the appearance of diarrhea and hiccups, while decreasing the possibility of constipation and insomnia.

Keywords

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