참고문헌
- Kang JH LH, Jin YH, Lee JB. A Clinical Analysis of Acute Drug Intoxication in Emergency Department Setting. J Korean Soc Emerg Med 1999;10:431-40.
- Mowry JB, Spyker DA, Brooks DE, McMillan N, Schauben JL. 2014 Annual Report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers' National Poison Data System (NPDS): 32nd Annual Report. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2015;53:962-1147. https://doi.org/10.3109/15563650.2015.1102927
- kosis.kr. Statistics Korea. The cause of death (236 items)/Sex/Age (5 years) The number of deaths (1983-), Mortality (2000-). 2014. Available from: http://kosis.kr/. [cited 6 April 2016].
- Shapiro NI, Howell MD, Talmor D, Nathanson LA, Lisbon A, Wolfe RE, et al. Serum lactate as a predictor of mortality in emergency department patients with infection. Ann Emerg Med 2005;45:524-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2004.12.006
- Lazzeri C, Valente S, Chiostri M, Gensini GF. Clinical significance of lactate in acute cardiac patients. World J Cardiol 2015;7:483-9. https://doi.org/10.4330/wjc.v7.i8.483
- Caputo ND, Kanter M, Fraser R, Simon R. Comparing biomarkers of traumatic shock: the utility of anion gap, base excess, and serum lactate in the ED. Am J Emerg Med 2015;33:1134-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2015.04.085
- Badreldin AM, Doerr F, Elsobky S, Brehm BR, Abuldahab M, Lehmann T, et al. Mortality prediction after cardiac surgery: blood lactate is indispensible. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2013;61:708-17. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0032-1324796
- Singhal R, Coghill JE, Guy A, Bradbury AW, Adam DJ, Scriven JM. Serum lactate and base deficit as predictors of mortality after ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2005;30:263-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejvs.2005.04.003
- Dogan NO, Savrun A, Levent S, Gunaydin GP, Celik GK, Akkucuk H, et al. Can initial lactate levels predict the severity of unintentional carbon monoxide poisoning? Hum Exp Toxicol 2015;34:324-9. https://doi.org/10.1177/0960327114538986
- Dell'Aglio DM, Perino LJ, Kazzi Z, Abramson J, Schwartz MD, Morgan BW. Acute metformin overdose: examining serum pH, lactate level, and metformin concentrations in survivors versus nonsurvivors: a systematic review of the literature. Ann Emerg Med 2009;54:818-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2009.04.023
- Lee Y, Lee JH, Seong AJ, Hong CK, Lee HJ, Shin DH, et al. Arterial lactate as a predictor of mortality in emergency department patients with paraquat intoxication. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2012;50:52-6. https://doi.org/10.3109/15563650.2011.639716
- Baud FJ, Borron SW, Megarbane B, Trout H, Lapostolle F, Vicaut E, et al. Value of lactic acidosis in the assessment of the severity of acute cyanide poisoning. Crit Care Med 2002;30:2044-50. https://doi.org/10.1097/00003246-200209000-00015
- Bolvardi E, Malmir J, Reihani H, Hashemian AM, Bahramian M, Khademhosseini P, et al. THE ROLE OF LACTATE CLEARANCE AS A PREDICTOR OF ORGAN DYSFUNCTION AND MORTALITY IN PATIENTS WITH SEVERE SEPSIS. Mater Sociomed 2016;28:57-60. https://doi.org/10.5455/msm.2016.28.57-60
- Chertoff J, Chisum M, Garcia B, Lascano J. Lactate kinetics in sepsis and septic shock: a review of the literature and rationale for further research. J Intensive Care 2015;3:39. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40560-015-0105-4
- Shankar-Hari M, Phillips GS, Levy ML, Seymour CW, Liu VX, Deutschman CS, et al. Developing a New Definition and Assessing New Clinical Criteria for Septic Shock: For the Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3). JAMA 2016;315:775-87. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2016.0289
- Vanni S, Socci F, Pepe G, Nazerian P, Viviani G, Baioni M, et al. High plasma lactate levels are associated with increased risk of in-hospital mortality in patients with pulmonary embolism. Acad Emerg Med 2011;18:830-5. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1553-2712.2011.01128.x
- Shah A, Chisolm-Straker M, Alexander A, Rattu M, Dikdan S, Manini AF. Prognostic use of lactate to predict inpatient mortality in acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Am J Emerg Med 2014;32:752-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2014.02.010
- Fuller BM, Dellinger RP. Lactate as a hemodynamic marker in the critically ill. Curr Opin Crit Care 2012;18:267-72. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCC.0b013e3283532b8a
- Smith I, Kumar P, Molloy S, Rhodes A, Newman PJ, Grounds RM, et al. Base excess and lactate as prognostic indicators for patients admitted to intensive care. Intensive Care Med 2001;27(1):74-83. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001340051352
- Piel S, Ehinger JK, Elmer E, Hansson MJ. Metformin induces lactate production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and platelets through specific mitochondrial complex I inhibition. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2015;213:171-80. https://doi.org/10.1111/apha.12311
- Liu XW, Ma T, Qu B, Ji Y, Liu Z. Prognostic value of initial arterial lactate level and lactate metabolic clearance rate in patients with acute paraquat poisoning. Am J Emerg Med 2013;31:1230-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2013.04.019
- Damlapinar R, Arikan FI, Sahin S, Dallar Y. Lactate Level Is More Significant Than Carboxihemoglobin Level in Determining Prognosis of Carbon Monoxide Intoxication of Childhood. Pediatr Emerg Care 2015. [Epub a head of print]
- Bernal W, Donaldson N, Wyncoll D, Wendon J. Blood lactate as an early predictor of outcome in paracetamolinduced acute liver failure: a cohort study. Lancet 2002;359:558-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(02)07743-7
- Dinis-Oliveira RJ, Duarte JA, Sanchez-Navarro A, Remiao F, Bastos ML, Carvalho F. Paraquat poisonings: mechanisms of lung toxicity, clinical features, and treatment. Crit Rev Toxicol 2008;38:13-71. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408440701669959
- Gil HW, Park JS, Park SH, Hong SY. Effect of intravenous lipid emulsion in patients with acute glyphosate intoxication. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2013;51:767-71. https://doi.org/10.3109/15563650.2013.821129
- Seok SJ, Park JS, Hong JR, Gil HW, Yang JO, Lee EY, et al. Surfactant volume is an essential element in human toxicity in acute glyphosate herbicide intoxication. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2011;49:892-9. https://doi.org/10.3109/15563650.2011.626422
- Eun HM PJ, Suh JH, Jung JH, Eo EK, Roh HK. The Clinical Feature and Prognostic Factor of Glyphosate Intoxication Patients. J Korean Soc Clin Toxicol. 2013;11:89-95.
- Ku CH, Hung HM, Leong WC, Chen HH, Lin JL, Huang WH, et al. Outcome of patients with carbon monoxide poisoning at a far-east poison center. PLoS One 2015;10:e0118995. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0118995
- Reminiac F, Saint-Etienne C, Runge I, Aye DY, Benzekri-Lefevre D, Mathonnet A, et al. Are central venous lactate and arterial lactate interchangeable? A human retrospective study. Anesth Analg 2012;115:605-10.