References
- Hogue CW Jr, Hyder ML. Atrial fibrillation after cardiac operation: risks, mechanisms, and treatment. Ann Thorac Surg 2000;69:300-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-4975(99)01267-9
- Mariscalco G, Engstrom KG. Postoperative atrial fibrillation is associated with late mortality after coronary surgery, but not after valvular surgery. Ann Thorac Surg 2009;88:1871-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2009.07.074
- Mathew JP, Parks R, Savino JS, et al. Atrial fibrillation following coronary artery bypass graft surgery: predictors, outcomes, and resource utilization. MultiCenter Study of Perioperative Ischemia Research Group. JAMA 1996;276:300-6. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1996.03540040044031
- Cox JL. A perspective of postoperative atrial fibrillation in cardiac operations. Ann Thorac Surg 1993;56:405-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-4975(93)90871-E
- Kaw R, Hernandez AV, Masood I, Gillinov AM, Saliba W, Blackstone EH. Short- and long-term mortality associated with new-onset atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2011;141:1305-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2010.10.040
- Mitchell LB, Crystal E, Heilbron B, Page P. Atrial fibrillation following cardiac surgery. Can J Cardiol 2005;21 Suppl B:45B-50B.
- Ommen SR, Odell JA, Stanton MS. Atrial arrhythmias after cardiothoracic surgery. N Engl J Med 1997;336:1429-34. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199705153362006
- Burashnikov A, Antzelevitch C. New pharmacological strategies for the treatment of atrial fibrillation. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 2009;14:290-300. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1542-474X.2009.00305.x
- Burashnikov A, Antzelevitch C. Novel pharmacological targets for the rhythm control management of atrial fibrillation. Pharmacol Ther 2011;132:300-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2011.08.002
- Heldal M, Atar D. Pharmacological conversion of recent-onset atrial fibrillation: a systematic review. Scand Cardiovasc J Suppl 2013;47:2-10. https://doi.org/10.3109/14017431.2012.740572
- Levy S, Lauribe P, Dolla E, et al. A randomized comparison of external and internal cardioversion of chronic atrial fibrillation. Circulation 1992;86:1415-20. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.86.5.1415
- Alt E, Ammer R, Schmitt C, et al. A comparison of treatment of atrial fibrillation with low-energy intracardiac cardioversion and conventional external cardioversion. Eur Heart J 1997;18:1796-804. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a015175
- Azpitarte J, Alvarez M, Baun O, et al. Value of single oral loading dose of propafenone in converting recent-onset atrial fibrillation: results of a randomized, double-blind, controlled study. Eur Heart J 1997;18:1649-54. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a015146
- Capucci A, Villani GQ, Aschieri D, Piepoli M. Safety of oral propafenone in the conversion of recent onset atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm: a prospective parallel placebo-controlled multicentre study. Int J Cardiol 1999;68:187-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-5273(98)00363-5
- Andrivet P, Boubakri E, Dove PJ, Mach V, Vu Ngoc C. A clinical study of amiodarone as a single oral dose in patients with recent-onset atrial tachyarrhythmia. Eur Heart J 1994; 15:1396-402. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a060401
- Khan IA, Mehta NJ, Gowda RM. Amiodarone for pharmacological cardioversion of recent-onset atrial fibrillation. Int J Cardiol 2003;89:239-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-5273(02)00477-1
- Kochiadakis GE, Igoumenidis NE, Parthenakis FI, Chlouverakis GI, Vardas PE. Amiodarone versus propafenone for conversion of chronic atrial fibrillation: results of a randomized, controlled study. J Am Coll Cardiol 1999;33:966-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0735-1097(98)00678-0
- Blanc JJ, Voinov C, Maarek M. Comparison of oral loading dose of propafenone and amiodarone for converting recent-onset atrial fibrillation. PARSIFAL Study Group. Am J Cardiol 1999;84:1029-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9149(99)00493-2
- Martinez-Marcos FJ, Garcia-Garmendia JL, Ortega-Carpio A, Fernandez-Gomez JM, Santos JM, Camacho C. Comparison of intravenous flecainide, propafenone, and amiodarone for conversion of acute atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm. Am J Cardiol 2000;86:950-3. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9149(00)01128-0
- Zebis LR, Christensen TD, Thomsen HF, et al. Practical regimen for amiodarone use in preventing postoperative atrial fibrillation. Ann Thorac Surg 2007;83:1326-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2006.09.096
- Zebis LR, Christensen TD, Kristiansen IS, Hjortdal VE. Amiodarone cost effectiveness in preventing atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Ann Thorac Surg 2008;85:28-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2007.07.060
- Ito N, Tashiro T, Morishige N, et al. Efficacy of propafenone hydrochloride in preventing postoperative atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting. Heart Surg Forum 2010;13:E223-7. https://doi.org/10.1532/HSF98.20091173
- Eremenko AA, Galanikhina EA, Ziuliaeva TP, Egorov VM. Efficacy of amiodarone versus propafenone in the prevention of rhythm disorders in patients after aortocoronary bypass surgery. Anesteziol Reanimatol 2010;(5):45-9.
- Larbuisson R, Venneman I, Stiels B. The efficacy and safety of intravenous propafenone versus intravenous amiodarone in the conversion of atrial fibrillation or flutter after cardiac surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 1996;10:229-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-0770(96)80243-6
- Di Biasi P, Scrofani R, Paje A, Cappiello E, Mangini A, Santoli C. Intravenous amiodarone vs propafenone for atrial fibrillation and flutter after cardiac operation. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 1995;9:587-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1010-7940(05)80011-9
- Edvardsson N. Comparison of class I and class III action in atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J 1993;14 Suppl H:62-6. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/14.suppl_H.62
- Wang J, Bourne GW, Wang Z, Villemaire C, Talajic M, Nattel S. Comparative mechanisms of antiarrhythmic drug action in experimental atrial fibrillation: importance of use-dependent effects on refractoriness. Circulation 1993;88:1030-44. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.88.3.1030
- Aranki SF, Shaw DP, Adams DH, et al. Predictors of atrial fibrillation after coronary artery surgery: current trends and impact on hospital resources. Circulation 1996;94:390-7. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.94.3.390
- Redle JD, Khurana S, Marzan R, et al. Prophylactic oral amiodarone compared with placebo for prevention of atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass surgery. Am Heart J 1999;138(1 Pt 1):144-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-8703(99)70260-7
- Davison R, Hartz R, Kaplan K, Parker M, Feiereisel P, Michaelis L. Prophylaxis of supraventricular tachyarrhythmia after coronary bypass surgery with oral verapamil: a randomized, double-blind trial. Ann Thorac Surg 1985;39:336-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-4975(10)62626-4
- Nystrom U, Edvardsson N, Berggren H, Pizzarelli GP, Radegran K. Oral sotalol reduces the incidence of atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass surgery. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1993;41:34-7. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1013817
- Lamb RK, Prabhakar G, Thorpe JA, Smith S, Norton R, Dyde JA. The use of atenolol in the prevention of supraventricular arrhythmias following coronary artery surgery. Eur Heart J 1988;9:32-6. https://doi.org/10.1093/ehj/9.1.32