DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Design of a drying system for a rollover carwash machine using CFD

  • Sabet, Seyyed M.M. (MIT Portugal Program, University of Minho) ;
  • Marques, Jorge (Petrotec, Parque Industrial da Ponte) ;
  • Torres, Rui (Petrotec, Parque Industrial da Ponte) ;
  • Nova, Mario (Petrotec, Parque Industrial da Ponte) ;
  • Nobrega, Joao M. (Institute for Polymers and Composites (IPC/i3N), University of Minho)
  • Received : 2016.03.29
  • Accepted : 2016.07.05
  • Published : 2016.10.01

Abstract

This work describes the design and development of a new drying system for a rollover carwash machine with the support of numerical tools. The drying system is composed of a pair of stationary vertical dryers and a moveable horizontal dryer that can adjust itself to the contour of a vehicle. After the definition of the dryers' concept, their performance was assessed individually to check their internal flow pattern and to improve their airflow distribution. These issues are expected to provide feedback on redesign and geometric optimization of the dryers. After redesign of the dryers separately, the behaviour of the complete drying system was studied on actual vehicle models, representative of the shortest and tallest dimensions that can be washed with the existing carwash machine sector. The drying efficiency of the whole system was studied by calculation of shear stress distribution on various surfaces of a given vehicle. The results allowed concluding that the overall drying performance of the design system is very good and assure adequate drying on most vehicles surfaces. The results obtained from numerical studies were then validated with experimental measurements and a good agreement was found between the two. The procedure employed in this work can be applied to support the design and analysis of other mechanical drying systems.

Keywords

References

  1. Statistic Brain. Car Wash Industry Statistics [Internet]. Los Angeles: Statistic Brain Research Institute. Available from: [updated 02.02.15; cited 26.05.16].
  2. Sabet SMM. Designing Next Generation Car Washing Machines with Rotary Brushes (Ph.D. thesis). Campus de Azurem Guimaraes Portugal, University of Minho; 2015.
  3. Cirino JF. Blower Equipment for Roll-Over Car Wash. US Patent 3,991,433; 16 November 1976.
  4. Schleeter RH, Schleeter KM. Drier/Stripper for Car Wash. US Patent 4,969,272; 13 November 1990.
  5. Larson SL, Prato DJ. Sherman Industries, Assignee. Dryer for Automatic Car Wash Equipment. US Patent 4,949,423; 21 August 1990.
  6. Belanger M, Wentworth RJ, Turner BS. Belanger Incorporation, Assignee. Contour Dryer. US Patent 5,755,043; 26 May 1998.
  7. Smith CR. Sherman Industries, Assignee. Control System for Automatic Car Wash Blower. US Patent 4,995,136; 26 February 1991.
  8. Rodgers L. Bivens Winchester Corporation, Assignee. Carwash Dryer Control System. US Patent 4,836,467; 6 June 1989.
  9. Schleeter KM. Rollover Car Wash with Retracting Cloth Strips. US Patent 5,339,478; 24 August 1994.
  10. WashTec. Rollover Car Wash Production [Internet]. Augsburg Germany: WashTec AG. Available from: [cited 26.05.16].
  11. N'guessan HE, White R, Leh A, Baksi A, Tadmor R. Fundamental understanding of drops wettability behavior theoretically and experimen-tally. In: Advances in Contact Angle, Wettability and Adhesion, vol. 1. New York: Wiley Press; 2013. p. 87-96.
  12. Basu S, Nandakumar K, Masliyah J. A model for detachment of a partially wetting drop from a solid surface by shear flow. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 1997;190(1)253-7. https://doi.org/10.1006/jcis.1997.4856
  13. Theodorakakos A, Ous T, Gavaises M, Nouri JM, Nikolopoulos N, Yanagihara H. Dynamics of water droplets detached from porous surfaces of relevance to PEM fuel cells. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2006;300(2) 673-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2006.04.021
  14. Woo MW, Daud WRW, Mujumdar AS, Talib MZM, Hua WZ, Tasirin SM. Comparative study of droplet drying models for CFD modelling. Chem. Eng. Res. Des. 2008;86(9)1038-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2008.04.003
  15. Schillberg CH, Kandlikar SG. A review of models for water droplet detachment from the gas diffusion layer-gas flow channel interface in PEMFCs. In: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels and Minichannels, June 18-20, 2007. Puebla, Mexico; New York: ASME; 2007.
  16. Matsson J. An Introduction to Solidworks Flow Simulation 2014. Mission Kansas: SDC Publications; 2014.
  17. CFD Online. Turbulence Intensity [Internet]. CFD Online Community. Available from: [updated 03.01.12; cited 26.05.16].
  18. Day MA. The no-slip condition of fluid dynamics. Erkenntnis 1990;33(3)285-96. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00717588
  19. GoEngineer. Solidworks Flow Simulation: Solution Adaptive Mesh Refinement [Internet]. Salt Lake City: GoEngineer. Available from: [cited 26.05.16].
  20. Shin SC, Yoo IJ, Chun JK. Development of shear stress based sensor to measure drying rate and its application to snack drying automation. In: Development in Food Engineering. New York: Springer; 1994. p. 930-2.
  21. Nelson JJ, Alving A, Joseph D. Boundary layer flow of air over water on a flat plate. J. Fluid Mech. 1995;284:159-69. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112095000309
  22. Engineering ToolBox. Air Properties [Internet]. Available from: [cited 26.05.16].
  23. Martinovic D, Horman I, Demirdzic I. Numerical and experimental analysis of a wood drying process. Wood Sci Technol 2001;35(1)143-56. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002260000083
  24. Levy A, Borde I. Pneumatic and flash drying. Handbook of Industrial Drying, 4th ed., Boca Raton FL: CRC Press; 381-91.
  25. Callahan MD. Az-Tech Research and Development Corporation, Assignee. Retracting Rotational Backpack Blower Air Discharge Tube Unit. US Patent 6,125,503; 3 October 2000.
  26. McElroy TP. Proto-vest Incorporation, Assignee. Car Wash Blower Retract System. US Patent 6,519,872 B2; 18 February 2003.