Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease (대한유전성대사질환학회지)

The Korea Society of Inherited Metabolic Disease (대한유전성대사질환학회)
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A Diagnostic Algorithm after Newborn Screening for Hypermethioninemia

고메티오닌혈증의 신생아 선별 검사 후 진단 알고리즘

  • Kim, Yoo-Mi (Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Pusan National University Children's Hospital)
  • 김유미 (부산대학교 어린이병원 소아청소년과)
  • Published : 2016.04.25
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Abstract

Newborn screening (NBS) is important if early intervention is effective in a disorder and if there are sensitive and specific biochemical markers to detect disorder. Methionine is a useful marker to detect abnormal methionine-homocysteine metabolism, especially homocystinuria which needs urgent medical intervention. However, hypermethioninemia could occur in other metabolic disorder including liver disease, tyrosinemia type I, methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT) I/III deficiency, glycine N-methyltransferase (GNMT) deficiency, or adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase deficiency. However, experience with NBS for homocystinurias and methylation disorders is limited. Especially, MAT I/III deficiency which is the most common cause of persistent hypermethioninemia have two inheritance, autosomal recessive (AR) and autosomal dominant (AD), and their clinical manifestation is different between AR and AD. Here, author reviewed recent articles of guideline and proposed guideline for homocystinuria and methylation disorder.

국내 정부 지원 무료 검사로 진행 중인 6종 신생아 선별 검사에서 호모시스틴뇨증을 진단하기 위해 메티오닌의 증가가 마커로 사용되고 있다. 그러나 실제 고메티오닌혈증에서 감별해야 하는 질환들에는 간질환, tyrosinemia type I (MIM #276700), methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT) I/III 결핍, glycine N-methyltransferase (GNMT) 결핍, adenosylhomocy-steine hydrolase (SAHH) 결핍, adenosine kinase (ADK) 결핍, citrin deficiency (citrullinemia type I) 등이 있다. 고메티오닌혈증의 흔한 원인이자 양성 질환으로 알려졌던 MAT I/III 결핍 질환은 유전 방식에 따라 신경학적 증상 발현 및 치료의 필요성이 보고되고 있어 신생아 선별검사에서 고메티오닌혈증 양성으로 나올 경우 감별 진단 및 처치에 대한 가이드라인이 필요하겠다. 신생아 선별검사에서 고메티오닌혈증 양성으로 나올 경우, 간수치 및 혈장 아미노산 분석, 혈장 총 호모시스테인 수치를 통해 여러 질환 들을 감별할 수 있으며 혈장 총 호모시스테인의 증가가 40 umol/L 미만의 경우에서는 MAT I/III 결핍을 먼저 고려해 볼 수 있겠다. MAT I/III 결핍에서는 우성 유전형일 경우에는 치료가 필요 없지만 열성 유전형에서는 정기적인 발달 지표, 혈장 메티오닌과 총 호모시스테인 수치의 추적이 필요하겠으며 심한 고메티오인혈증(>800umol/L)에서는 저메티오닌식이를, 발달 지연, 뇌말이집 형성 장애가 동반한 경우에는 S-adenosylmethio-nine (SAM) 복용을 고려한다. 호모시스틴뇨증에서는 절반에서 피리독신 반응형을 보이고 피리독신 반응형은 조기에 메티오닌 증가가 없을 수 있기에 선별검사에서 놓칠 수 있다. 치료에는 저메티오닌 식이, 피리독신, 베타인, 엽산 등이 있으며 베타인 투약시 메티오닌 증가로 인한 뇌부종에 대한 주의가 필요하다. 그 외 GNMT, SAHH, ADK 결핍은 현재 환자 수와 예후가 제한적으로 조기 진단 및 치료에 대한 뚜렷한 이득이 명확하지 않은 상태이다. 미국, 유럽의 일부 기관들에서는 낮은 메티오닌 수치로 재메칠화 장애에 대한 선별검사도 시행하고 있어 국내에도 관련 질환에 대한 현황 및 선별검사 도입의 필요성에 대해 논의가 필요하겠다.

Keywords

References

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