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Flow characteristics analysis and test in the Pelton turbine for pico hydro power using surplus water

잉여 유출수를 이용한 소수력발전용 수차의 유동특성 해석 및 시험

  • Jeong, Seon Yong (School of Mechanical Engineering, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Lee, Kye Bock (School of Mechanical Engineering, Chungbuk National University)
  • Received : 2016.01.20
  • Accepted : 2016.04.07
  • Published : 2016.04.30

Abstract

Computational fluid numerical analysis using the commercial code CFX was performed to develop a Pelton turbine for a pico hydro power generator using the circulating water of a cooling tower in a large building. The performance of the Pelton turbine was examined for different design factors, such as the bucket shape, in which the Pelton wheel was connected in an appropriate manner to the pipe section, and the number of buckets in order to find the optimal design of Pelton turbine for a pico hydro power using surplus water. A benchmark test was carried out on the manufactured small scale Pelton turbine to validate the design method of the Pelton turbine by numerical analysis. The results obtained by comparing the flow characteristics and power output measured using the ultrasonic flowmeter, the pressure transducer and the oscilloscope with the numerical results confirmed the validity of the analytical design method. The possibility of developing Pelton turbines for kW class pico hydro power generators using surplus water with an average circulation velocity of 1.2 m/s for the chosen bucket shape and number of buckets in a 30 m high building was confirmed.

대형 빌딩에 설치된 냉각탑의 순환수를 이용한 소수력 발전용 수차를 개발하기 위해 펠톤 수차설계를 상용코드인 CFX를 사용한 전산유체 해석을 통해 수행하였다. 소수력 발전용 펠톤 수차의 최적설계를 구하기 위해 파이프 단면에 적합한 형태로 펠톤 휠을 절단한 버킷 모양과 버킷 개수 등 관련 주요 설계 인자를 변화시키며 수차 특성을 해석하여 수차 성능에 대한 영향을 평가하였다. 전산수치 해석에 의한 펠톤 수차설계 방법을 검증하기 위해 축소된 크기의 수차를 제작하고 실험을 통한 벤치마크 시험을 수행하였다. 초음파유량계와 압력 트랜스듀서, 오실로스코프를 사용하여 측정한 유동특성과 출력을 수치해석 결과와 비교하여 수치해석 설계방법의 타당성을 증명하였다. 또한 전산수치 해석을 통해 원하는 출력을 얻기 위한 버킷의 모양과 개수를 선정하여 냉각탑이 설치된 대형빌딩에서 건물 내의 냉각수 순환평균속도는 1.2 m/s이고 빌딩의 높이는 30 m인 경우에 대해 순환하는 냉각수인 잉여수를 이용한 kW급 소수력 발전용 펠톤 수차의 개발 가능성을 확인하였다.

Keywords

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