Acknowledgement
We thank Young Hee Nam for her help with flow cytometry at the Flow Cytometry Core of the Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute in the Yonsei University College of Medicine. We were supported by grants from the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF2013R1A1A2058427, NRF-2014R1A4A1008625) and a faculty research grant of Yonsei University College of Medicine for 2014 (6-2014-0062) to CGP, and the Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University.
References
- Steinman, R. M. 2012. Decisions about dendritic cells: past, present, and future. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 30: 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-immunol-100311-102839
- Park, C. G. 2014. Vaccine strategies utilizing C-type lectin receptors on dendritic cells in vivo. Clin. Exp. Vaccine Res. 3: 149-154. https://doi.org/10.7774/cevr.2014.3.2.149
- Steinman, R. M., and J. Idoyaga. 2010. Features of the dendritic cell lineage. Immunol. Rev. 234: 5-17. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0105-2896.2009.00888.x
- Kingston, D., M. A. Schmid, N. Onai, A. Obata-Onai, D. Baumjohann, and M. G. Manz. 2009. The concerted action of GM-CSF and Flt3-ligand on in vivo dendritic cell homeostasis. Blood 114: 835-843. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2009-02-206318
- Onai, N., K. Kurabayashi, M. Hosoi-Amaike, N. Toyama-Sorimachi, K. Matsushima, K. Inaba, and T. Ohteki. 2013. A clonogenic progenitor with prominent plasmacytoid dendritic cell developmental potential. Immunity 38: 943-957. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2013.04.006
- Grajales-Reyes, G. E., A. Iwata, J. Albring, X. Wu, R. Tussiwand, W. Kc, N. M. Kretzer, C. G. Briseno, V. Durai, P. Bagadia, M. Haldar, J. Schonheit, F. Rosenbauer, T. L. Murphy, and K. M. Murphy. 2015. Batf3 maintains autoactivation of Irf8 for commitment of a CD8alpha(+) conventional DC clonogenic progenitor. Nat. Immunol. 16: 708-717. https://doi.org/10.1038/ni.3197
- Schlitzer, A., V. Sivakamasundari, J. Chen, H. R. Sumatoh, J. Schreuder, J. Lum, B. Malleret, S. Zhang, A. Larbi, F. Zolezzi, L. Renia, M. Poidinger, S. Naik, E. W. Newell, P. Robson, and F. Ginhoux. 2015. Identification of cDC1- and cDC2-committed DC progenitors reveals early lineage priming at the common DC progenitor stage in the bone marrow. Nat. Immunol. 16: 718-728. https://doi.org/10.1038/ni.3200
- Geissmann, F., M. G. Manz, S. Jung, M. H. Sieweke, M. Merad, and K. Ley. 2010. Development of monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Science 327: 656-661. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1178331
- Satpathy, A. T., X. Wu, J. C. Albring, and K. M. Murphy. 2012. Re(de)fining the dendritic cell lineage. Nat. Immunol. 13: 1145-1154. https://doi.org/10.1038/ni.2467
- Murphy, K. M. 2013. Transcriptional control of dendritic cell development. Adv. Immunol. 120: 239-267. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-417028-5.00009-0
- Esashi, E., Y. H. Wang, O. Perng, X. F. Qin, Y. J. Liu, and S. S. Watowich. 2008. The signal transducer STAT5 inhibits plasmacytoid dendritic cell development by suppressing transcription factor IRF8. Immunity 28: 509-520. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2008.02.013
- Li, Z., and T. M. Rana. 2014. Therapeutic targeting of microRNAs: current status and future challenges. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 13: 622-638. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrd4359
- Ha, M., and V. N. Kim. 2014. Regulation of microRNA biogenesis. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 15: 509-524. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrm3838
- Johanson, T. M., J. P. Skinner, A. Kumar, Y. Zhan, A. M. Lew, and M. M. Chong. 2014. The role of microRNAs in lymphopoiesis. Int. J .Hematol. 100: 246-253. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12185-014-1606-y
- Smyth, L. A., D. A. Boardman, S. L. Tung, R. Lechler, and G. Lombardi. 2015. MicroRNAs affect dendritic cell function and phenotype. Immunology 144: 197-205. https://doi.org/10.1111/imm.12390
- Mildner, A., E. Chapnik, O. Manor, S. Yona, K. W. Kim, T. Aychek, D. Varol, G. Beck, Z. B. Itzhaki, E. Feldmesser, I. Amit, E. Hornstein, and S. Jung. 2013. Mononuclear phagocyte miRNome analysis identifies miR-142 as critical regulator of murine dendritic cell homeostasis. Blood 121: 1016-1027. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2012-07-445999
- Karrich, J. J., L. C. Jachimowski, M. Libouban, A. Iyer, K. Brandwijk, E. W. Taanman-Kueter, M. Nagasawa, E. C. de Jong, C. H. Uittenbogaart, and B. Blom. 2013. MicroRNA-146a regulates survival and maturation of human plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Blood 122: 3001-3009. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2012-12-475087
- Su, X., C. Qian, Q. Zhang, J. Hou, Y. Gu, Y. Han, Y. Chen, M. Jiang, and X. Cao. 2013. miRNomes of haematopoietic stem cells and dendritic cells identify miR-30b as a regulator of Notch1. Nat. Commun. 4: 2903.
- Agudo, J., A. Ruzo, N. Tung, H. Salmon, M. Leboeuf, D. Hashimoto, C. Becker, L. A. Garrett-Sinha, A. Baccarini, M. Merad, and B. D. Brown. 2014. The miR-126-VEGFR2 axis controls the innate response to pathogen-associated nucleic acids. Nat. Immunol. 15: 54-62. https://doi.org/10.1038/ni.2767
- Park, H., X. Huang, C. Lu, M. S. Cairo, and X. Zhou. 2015. MicroRNA-146a and microRNA-146b regulate human dendritic cell apoptosis and cytokine production by targeting TRAF6 and IRAK1 proteins. J. Biol. Chem. 290: 2831-2841. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M114.591420
- Johanson, T. M., M. Cmero, J. Wettenhall, A. M. Lew, Y. Zhan, and M. M. Chong. 2015. A microRNA expression atlas of mouse dendritic cell development. Immunol. Cell Biol. 93: 480-485. https://doi.org/10.1038/icb.2014.109
- Park, S. H., C. Cheong, J. Idoyaga, J. Y. Kim, J. H. Choi, Y. Do, H. Lee, J. H. Jo, Y. S. Oh, W. Im, R. M. Steinman, and C. G. Park. 2008. Generation and application of new rat monoclonal antibodies against synthetic FLAG and OLLAS tags for improved immunodetection. J. Immunol. Methods 331: 27-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jim.2007.10.012
- Inaba, K., W. J. Swiggard, R. M. Steinman, N. Romani, G. Schuler, and C. Brinster. 2009. Isolation of dendritic cells. Curr. Protoc. Immunol. Chapter 3: Unit 3.7
- Real, F. M., R. Sekido, D. G. Lupianez, R. Lovell-Badge, R. Jimenez, and M. Burgos. 2013. A microRNA (mmu-miR-124) prevents Sox9 expression in developing mouse ovarian cells. Biol. Reprod. 89: 78.
- Darrasse-Jeze, G., S. Deroubaix, H. Mouquet, G. D. Victora, T. Eisenreich, K. H. Yao, R. F. Masilamani, M. L. Dustin, A. Rudensky, K. Liu, and M. C. Nussenzweig. 2009. Feedback control of regulatory T cell homeostasis by dendritic cells in vivo. J. Exp. Med. 206: 1853-1862. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20090746
- Choi, J. H., C. Cheong, D. B. Dandamudi, C. G. Park, A. Rodriguez, S. Mehandru, K. Velinzon, I. H. Jung, J. Y. Yoo, G. T. Oh, and R. M. Steinman. 2011. Flt3 signaling-dependent dendritic cells protect against atherosclerosis. Immunity 35: 819-831. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2011.09.014
- Dweep, H., and N. Gretz. 2015. miRWalk2.0: a comprehensive atlas of microRNA-target interactions. Nat. Methods 12: 697.
- Cisse, B., M. L. Caton, M. Lehner, T. Maeda, S. Scheu, R. Locksley, D. Holmberg, C. Zweier, N. S. den Hollander, S. G. Kant, W. Holter, A. Rauch, Y. Zhuang, and B. Reizis. 2008. Transcription factor E2-2 is an essential and specific regulator of plasmacytoid dendritic cell development. Cell 135: 37-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2008.09.016
- Naik, S. H., A. I. Proietto, N. S. Wilson, A. Dakic, P. Schnorrer, M. Fuchsberger, M. H. Lahoud, M. O'Keeffe, Q. X. Shao, W. F. Chen, J. A. Villadangos, K. Shortman, and L. Wu. 2005. Cutting edge: generation of splenic CD8+ and CD8- dendritic cell equivalents in Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand bone marrow cultures. J. Immunol. 174: 6592-6597. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.174.11.6592
- Naik, S. H., P. Sathe, H. Y. Park, D. Metcalf, A. I. Proietto, A. Dakic, S. Carotta, M. O'Keeffe, M. Bahlo, A. Papenfuss, J. Y. Kwak, L. Wu, and K. Shortman. 2007. Development of plasmacytoid and conventional dendritic cell subtypes from single precursor cells derived in vitro and in vivo. Nat. Immunol. 8: 1217-1226. https://doi.org/10.1038/ni1522
- Liu, K., G. D. Victora, T. A. Schwickert, P. Guermonprez, M. M. Meredith, K. Yao, F. F. Chu, G. J. Randolph, A. Y. Rudensky, and M. Nussenzweig. 2009. In vivo analysis of dendritic cell development and homeostasis. Science 324: 392-397. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1170540
- Kozomara, A., and S. Griffiths-Jones. 2014. miRBase: annotating high confidence microRNAs using deep sequencing data. Nucleic Acids Res. 42: D68-D73. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkt1181
- Qiu, S., Y. Feng, G. LeSage, Y. Zhang, C. Stuart, L. He, Y. Li, Y. Caudle, Y. Peng, and D. Yin. 2015. Chronic morphine-induced microRNA-124 promotes microglial immunosuppression by modulating P65 and TRAF6. J. Immunol. 194: 1021-1030. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1400106
- Baudet, M. L., K. H. Zivraj, C. breu-Goodger, A. Muldal, J. Armisen, C. Blenkiron, L. D. Goldstein, E. A. Miska, and C. E. Holt. 2012. miR-124 acts through CoREST to control onset of Sema3A sensitivity in navigating retinal growth cones. Nat. Neurosci. 15: 29-38. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.2979
- Sonntag, K. C., T. U. Woo, and A. M. Krichevsky. 2012. Converging miRNA functions in diverse brain disorders: a case for miR-124 and miR-126. Exp. Neurol. 235: 427-435. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.11.035