Journal of Veterinary Clinics (한국임상수의학회지)

The Korean Society of Veterinary Clinics (한국임상수의학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effects of Dystocia on the Postpartum Complications, Milk Production and Reproductive Performance in Dairy Cows

  • Kim, Dong-Uk (College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Lee, Soo-Chan (College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Jeong, Jae-Kwan (College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Choi, In-Soo (College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Moon, Sung-Ho (College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Kang, Hyun-Gu (College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Kim, Ill-Hwa (College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University)
  • Received : 2016.01.25
  • Accepted : 2016.04.14
  • Published : 2016.04.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This field study investigated the effects of dystocia on the postpartum complications, milk production, and reproductive performance in Holstein dairy cows. Calving difficulty was scored on a rank scale of 1 to 5. Cows with a calving score of three or higher were judged to have dystocia. The cows (n = 565) were categorized based on the presence (n = 61) or absence (n = 504, control) of dystocia. The incidence of retained placenta (45.9% vs. 16.3%), metritis (39.3% vs. 17.1%), endometritis (47.5% vs. 16.3%) and pyometra (9.8% vs. 1.2%) were greater in cows from the dystocia group than those from the control group (p < 0.0001); however, there was no difference in the incidence of metabolic disorders (32.8% vs. 31.0%) between the two groups (p > 0.05). The prevalence of culling was higher in cows from the dystocia group (26.2%) than in those from the control group (14.5%, p < 0.05). During the 5-month postpartum period, milk production was lower (p < 0.05) in cows from the dystocia group than in those from the control group. Furthermore, the hazard of insemination by 150 days in milk (DIM) was lower in cows from the dystocia group (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.64, p < 0.005) than in those from the control group. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the odds ratio for the probability of pregnancy after the first artificial insemination was 0.36 times (p < 0.05) higher in cows from the dystocia group than in those from the control group. The hazard of pregnancy by 360 DIM was lower in cows from the dystocia group (HR = 0.45, p = 0.0001) than in those from the control group. In conclusion, dystocia resulted in increased postpartum complications, and decreased milk production and reproductive performance in Holstein dairy cows, leading to increased culling.

Keywords

References

  1. Atashi H, Abdolmohammadi AR, Assadi A, Akhlaghi A, Dadpasand M, Jafari Ahangari Y. Using an incomplete gamma function to quantify the effect of dystocia on the lactation performance of Holstein dairy cows in Iran. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95: 2718-2722. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2011-4954
  2. Benzaquen ME, Risco CA, Archbald LF, Melendez P, Thatcher M-J, Thatcher WW. Rectal temperature, calving-related factors, and incidence of puerperal metritis in postpartum dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2007; 90: 2804-2814. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2006-482
  3. Berry DP, Lee JM, Macdonald KA, Roche JR. Body condition score and body weight effects on dystocia and stillbirths and consequent effects on postcalving performance. J Dairy Sci 2007; 90: 4201-4211. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2007-0023
  4. Dekkers JCM. Optimal breeding strategies for calving ease. J Dairy Sci 1994; 77: 3441-3453. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(94)77287-8
  5. Dematawewa CMB, Berger PJ. Effect of dystocia on yield, fertility, and cow losses and an economic evaluation of dystocia scores for Holsteins. J Dairy Sci 1998; 80: 754-761.
  6. Djemali M, Freeman AE, Berger PJ. Reporting of dystocia scores and effects of dystocia on production, days open, and days dry from dairy herd improvement data. J Dairy Sci 1987; 70: 2127-2131. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(87)80263-1
  7. Dohmen MJW, Joop K, Sturk A, Bols PEJ, Lohuis JACM. Relationship between intra-uterine bacterial contamination, endotoxin levels and the development of endometritis in postpartum cows with dystocia or retained placenta. Theriogenology 2000; 54: 1019-1032. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0093-691X(00)00410-6
  8. Domecq JJ, Skidmore AL, Lloyd JW, Kaneene JB. Relationships between body condition scores and milk yield in a large dairy herd of high yielding Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci 1997; 80: 101-112. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(97)75917-4
  9. Duffield TF, Sandals D, Leslie KE, Lissemore K, McBride BW, Lumsden JH, Dick P, Bagg R. Efficacy of monensin for the prevention of subclinical ketosis in lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 1998; 81: 2866-2873. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(98)75846-1
  10. Eaglen SAE, Coffey MP, Woolliams JA, Mrode R, Wall E. Phenotypic effects of calving ease on the subsequent fertility and milk production of dam and calf in UK Holstein-Friesian heifers. J Dairy Sci 2011; 94: 5413-5423. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2010-4040
  11. El-Tarabany MS. Effects of calving difficulty on the subsequent reproductive performance and milk production of Holstein, Brown Swiss and their crosses. Livest Sci 2015; 180: 263-267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2015.08.004
  12. Erb HN, Smith RD, Oltenacu PA, Guard CL, Hillman RB, Powers PA, Smith MC, White ME. Path model of reproductive disorders and performance, milk fever, mastitis, milk yield, and culling in Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci 1985; 68: 3337-3349. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(85)81244-3
  13. Farhoodi M, Nowrouzian I, Hovareshti P, Bolourchi M, Nadalian MG. Factors associated with rectovaginal injuries in Holstein dairy cows in a herd in Tehran, Iran. Prev Vet Med 2000; 46: 143-148. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-5877(00)00129-X
  14. Gaafar HMA, Shamiah SM, Abu El-hamd MA, Shitta AA, Tag El-Din MA. Dystocia in Friesian cows and its effects on postpartum reproductive performance and milk production. Trop Anim Health Prod 2011; 43: 229-234. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-010-9682-3
  15. Hammon DS, Evjen IM, Dhiman TR, Goff JP, Walters JL. Neutrophil function and energy status in Holstein cows with uterine health disorders. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2006; 113: 21-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2006.03.022
  16. Kim IH, Na KJ, Yang MP. Immune responses during the peripartum period in dairy cows with postpartum endometritis. J Reprod Dev 2005; 51: 757-764. https://doi.org/10.1262/jrd.17036
  17. LeBlanc SJ, Duffield TF, Leslie KE, Bateman KG, Keefe GP, Walton JS, Johnson WH. Defining and disgnosing postpartum clinical endometritis and its impact on reproductive performance in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2002; 85: 2223-2236. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(02)74302-6
  18. Linden TC, Bicalho RC, Nydam DV. Calf birth weight and its association with calf cow survivability, disease incidence, reproductive performance, and milk production. J Dairy Sci 2009; 92: 2580-2588. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2008-1603
  19. Lopez de maturana E, Legarra A, Varona L, Ugarte E. Ananysis of fertility and dystocia in Holsteins using recursive models to handle censored and categorical data. J Dairy Sci 2007; 90: 2012-2024. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2005-442
  20. Mainau E, Manteca X. Pain and discomfort caused by parturition in cows and sows. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2011; 135: 241-251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2011.10.020
  21. Mangurkar BR, Hayes JF, Moxley JE. Effects of calving ease-calf survival on production and reproduction in Holsteins. J Dairy Sci 1984; 67: 1496-1509. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(84)81467-8
  22. McGuirk BJ, Forsyth R, Dobson H. Economic cost of difficult calvings in the United Kingdom dairy herd. Vet Rec 2007; 161: 685-687. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.161.20.685
  23. Meyer CL, Berger PJ, Koehler KJ, Thompson JR, Sattler CG. Phenotypic trends in incidence of stillbirth for Holsteins in the United States. J Dairy Sci 2001; 84: 515-523. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(01)74502-X
  24. Philipsson J. Studies on calving difficulty, stillbirth and associated factors in Swedish cattle breeds. V. Effects of calving performance and stillbirth in Swedish Friesian heifers on productivity in the subsequent lactation. Acta Agric Scand 1976; 26: 230-234. https://doi.org/10.1080/00015127609435092
  25. Piccardi M, Romero G, Veneranda G, Castello E, Romero D. Effect of puerperal metritis on reproductive and productive performance in dairy cows in Argentina. Theriogenology 2015; 85: 887-893.
  26. Rajala PJ, Grohn YT. Effects of dystocia, retained placenta, and metritis on milk in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 1998; 81:3172-3181. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(98)75883-7
  27. Ribeiro ES, Lima FS, Greco LF, Bisinotto RS, Monteiro APA, Favoreto M, Ayres H, Marsola RS, Martinez N, Thatcher WW, Santos JEP. Prevalence of periparturient diseases and effects on fertility of seasonally calving grazing dairy cows supplemented with concentrates. J Dairy Sci 2013; 96: 5682-5697. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2012-6335
  28. Sheldon IM, Lewis GS, LeBlanc S, Gilbert RO. Defining postpartum uterine disease in cattle. Theriogenology 2006;65: 1516-1530. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.08.021
  29. Tenhagen B-A, Helmbold A, Heuwieser W. Effect of various degrees of dystocia in dairy cattle on calf viability, milk production, fertility and culling. J Vet Med A 2007; 54:98-102. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0442.2007.00850.x
  30. Thompson JR, Pollak EJ, Pelissier CL. Interrelationships of parturition problems, production of subsequent lactation, reproduction, and age at first calving. J Dairy Sci 1983; 66: 1119-1127. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(83)81909-2
  31. Toni F, Vincenti L, Ricci A, Schukken YH. Postpartum uterine diseases and their impacts on conception and days open in dairy herds in Italy. Theriogenology 2015; 84: 1206-1214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.06.022
  32. Weller JI, Ezra E. Environmental and genetic factors affecting cow survival of Israeli Holsteins. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98: 676-684. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2014-8650