Language and Information (한국언어정보학회지:언어와정보)

Korean Society for Language and Information (한국언어정보학회)
권호 표지

A multilingual grammar model of honorification: using the HPSG and MRS formalism

  • Received : 2015.11.10
  • Accepted : 2016.02.12
  • Published : 2016.02.28
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Honorific forms express the speaker's social attitude to others and also indicate the social ranks and level of intimacy of the participants in the discourse. In a cross-linguistic perspective of grammar engineering, modelling honorification has been regarded as a key strategy for improving language processing applications. Using the HPSG and MRS formalism, this article provides a multilingual grammar model of honorification. The present study incorporates the honorific information into the Meaning Representation System (MRS) via Individual Constraints (ICONS), and then conducts an evaluation to see if the model contributes to semantics-based language processing.

Keywords

References

  1. Agha, Asif. 1993. Grammatical and indexical convention in honorific discourse. Journal of Linguistic Anthropology 3.2: 131-163. https://doi.org/10.1525/jlin.1993.3.2.131
  2. Agha, Asif. 1994. Honorification. Annual Review of Anthropology 23: 277-302. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.an.23.100194.001425
  3. Agha, Asif. 1998. Stereotypes and registers of honorific language. Language in Society 27.2: 151-193. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047404500019849
  4. Baker, Collin F, Fillmore, Charles J and Lowe, John B. 1998. The Berkeley framenet project. In Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, pages 86-90, Stroudsburg, PA.
  5. Bender, Emily M., Drellishak, Scott, Fokkens, Antske, Poulson, Laurie and Saleem, Safiyyah. 2010. Grammar customization. Research on Language & Computation 8.1: 23-72. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11168-010-9070-1
  6. Bobaljik, Jonathan David and Yatsushiro, Kazuko. 2006. Problems with honorification-as-agreement in Japanese: A Reply to Boeckx & Niinuma. Natural Language & Linguistic Theory 24.2: 355-384. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11049-005-1511-4
  7. Boeckx, Cedric and Jeong, Youngmi. 2004. The fine structure of syntactic intervention in syntax. In Chungja Kwon and Wonbin Lee (eds.), Issues in Current Linguistic Theory: A Festschrift for Hong Bae Lee, pages 83-116, Seoul: Kyungchin.
  8. Boeckx, Cedric and Niinuma, Fumikazu. 2004. Conditions on agreement in Japanese. Natural Language & Linguistic Theory 22.3: 453-480. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:NALA.0000027669.59667.c5
  9. Boeckx, Cedric. 2006. Honorification as agreement. Natural Language & Linguistic Theory 24.2: 385-398. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11049-005-1825-2
  10. Bond, Francis, Nichols, Eric, Appling, Darren Scott and Paul, Michael. 2008. Improving statistical machine translation by paraphrasing the training data. In Proceedings of the International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation, pages 150-157, Hawaii.
  11. Choe, Jae-Woong. 2004. Obligatory honorification and the honorific feature. Studies in Generative Grammar 14.4: 545-559.
  12. Chomsky, Noam. 2000. Minimalist inquiries: the framework. In Roger Martin, David Michaels and Juan Uriagereka (eds.), Step by Step: Essays on Minimalist Syntax in Honor of Howard Lasnik, pages 89-155, Cambridge: MIT Press.
  13. Copestake, Ann, Flickinger, Dan, Pollard, Carl and Sag, Ivan A. 2005. Minimal recursion semantics: an introduction. Research on Language & Computation 3.4: 281-332. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11168-006-6327-9
  14. Copestake, Ann. 2009. Slacker semantics: Why superficiality, dependency and avoidance of commitment can be the right way to go. In Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the European Chapter of the ACL, pages 1-9, Athens.
  15. Dalrymple, Mary. 2001. Lexical Functional Grammar. New York: Academic Press.
  16. Fan, Zhenzhen, Song, Sanghoun and Bond, Francis. 2015. An HPSG-based shared-grammar for the Chinese languages: ZHONG [$|$]. In Proceedings Grammar Engineering Across Frameworks 2015 (in conjunction with ACL 2015), pages 17-24, Beijing, China.
  17. Flickinger, Dan. 2000. On building a more efficient grammar by exploiting types. Natural Language Engineering 6.1:15-28. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1351324900002370
  18. Fokkens, Antske. 2011. Metagrammar engineering: towards systematic exploration of implemented grammars. In Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, pages 1066-1076, Portland, OR.
  19. Han, Dongli, Kamochi, Shuntaro, Song, Xin, Akegawa, Naoki and Hori, Tomuomasa. 2010. A paraphrasing system for transforming regular expressions into honorifics. In Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Demonstrations, pages 1-4.
  20. Hasegawa, Nobuko. 2006. Honorifics. In Martin Everaert and Henk van Riemsdijk (eds.), The Blackwell Companion to Syntax 2, pages 493-543, Oxford: Blackwell.
  21. Heycock, Caroline. 2007. Embedded root phenomena. In Martin Everaert and Henk van Riemsdijk (eds.), The Blackwell Companion to Syntax, pages 174-209, Wiley Online Library.
  22. Ide, Sachiko. 2005. How and why honorifics can signify dignity and elegance. In Robin Tolmach Lakoff and Sachiko Ide (eds.), Broadening the Horizon of Linguistic Politeness, pages 45-64, John Benjamins Publishing.
  23. Kasper, Gabriele. 1990. Linguistic politeness:: current research issues. Journal of Pragmatics 14.2: 193-218. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-2166(90)90080-W
  24. Kim, Jong-Bok and Jaehyung Yang. 2004. Projections from morphology to syntax in the Korean Resource Grammar: Implementing Typed Feature Structures. In Lecture Notes in Computer Science Vol. 2945: 13-24. Springer-Verlag.
  25. Kim, Jong-Bok and Sells, Peter. 2007. Korean honorification: a kind of expressive meaning. Journal of East Asian Linguistics 16.4: 303-336. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10831-007-9014-4
  26. Kim, Jong-Bok, Sells, Peter and Yang, Jaehyung. 2006. Parsing korean honorification phenomena in a typed feature structure grammar. In Luc Lamontagne and Mario Marchand (eds.), Advances in Artificial Intelligence, pages 254-265, Springer.
  27. Kim, Jong-Bok. 2015 Grammatical interfaces in Korean honorification: A constraint-based perspective. Language and Information 19.1: 19-36.
  28. Kishimoto, Hideki. 2010. Honorific agreement in Japanese. Canadian Journal of Linguistics 55.3: 405-415. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0008413100001626
  29. Kishimoto, Hideki. 2012. Subject honorification and the position of subjects in Japanese. Journal of East Asian Linguistics 21.1: 1-41. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10831-011-9083-2
  30. Levin, Beth. 1993. English verb classes and alternations: a preliminary investigation. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  31. Matsumoto, Yo. 1996. Complex predicates in Japanese: A syntactic and semantic study of the notion 'word'. Stanford, CA: Center for the Study of Language and Information.
  32. Mima, Hideki, Furuse, Osamu and Iida, Hitoshi. 1997. A situation-based approach to spoken dialog translation between different social roles. In Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine Translation, pages 176-183, Santa-Fe.
  33. Nariyama, Shigeko, Nakaiwa, Hiromi and Siegel, Melanie. 2005. Annotating honorifics denoting social ranking of referents. In Proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Linguistically Interpreted Corpora, pages 91-100, Jeju.
  34. Niimura, Fumikazu. 2003. The syntax of honorification. Ph.D. thesis, University of Connecticut.
  35. Oh, Kyung-Ae. 2014. Self-representation and Korean honorific shifts. Language and Information 18.1: 53-74. https://doi.org/10.29403/LI.18.1.3
  36. Ohtake, Kiyonori and Yamamoto, Kazuhide. 2001. Paraphrasing honorifics. In Workshop Proceedings of Automatic Paraphrasing: Theories and Applications, pages 13-20, Jeju.
  37. Pollard, Carl and Sag, Ivan A. 1994. Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.
  38. Shibatani, Masayoshi. 1985. Passives and related constructions: a prototype analysis. Language 61: 821-848. https://doi.org/10.2307/414491
  39. Siegel, Melanie and Bender, Emily M. 2002. Efficient deep processing of Japanese. In Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on Asian Language Resources and International Standardization, pages 1-8, Taipei.
  40. Siegel, Melanie. 2000. Japanese honorification in an HPSG framework. In Proceedings of the 14th Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation, page 289-300, Tokyo.
  41. Song, Sanghoun. 2014a. A grammar library for information structure. Ph.D. thesis, University of Washington.
  42. Song, Sanghoun. 2014b. Information structure of relative clauses in English: a flexible and computationally tractable model. Language and Information 18.2: 1-29.
  43. Song, Sanghoun. 2015. Representing honorifics via individual constraints. In Proceedings Grammar Engineering Across Frameworks 2015 (in conjunction with ACL 2015), pages 57-64, Beijing, China.
  44. Sprouse, Jon. 2007. Continuous acceptability, categorical crammaticality, and experimental syntax. Biolinguistics 1: 123-134.
  45. Tanaka, Yasuhito. 2001. Compilation of a multilingual corpus. In Proceedings of the PACLING, pages 265-268, Kyushu.
  46. Toyota, Junichi. 2011. The grammatical voice in Japanese: A Typological Perspective. Newcastle, UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
  47. Yu, Miao, Neubig, Graham, Sakti, Sakriani, Toda, Tomoki and Nakamura, Satoshi. 2014. Anaphora resolution for transforming regular expressions into honorifics in Japanese. In Proceedings of 20th Annual Meeting of the Association for Natural Language Processing, pages 476-479, Hokkaido.