References
- Jones KR, Reichardt LF. Molecular cloning of a human gene that is a member of the nerve growth factor family. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1990;87:8060-8064. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.87.20.8060
- Leibrock J, Lottspeich F, Hohn A, Hofer M, Hengerer B, Masiakowski P, et al. Molecular cloning and expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Nature 1989;341:149-152. https://doi.org/10.1038/341149a0
- Ventimiglia R, Mather PE, Jones BE, Lindsay RM. The neurotrophins BDNF, NT-3 and NT-4/5 promote survival and morphological and biochemical differentiation of striatal neurons in vitro. Eur J Neurosci 1995;7:213-222. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.1995.tb01057.x
- Fernandes BS, Berk M, Turck CW, Steiner J, Goncalves CA. Decreased peripheral brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels are a biomarker of disease activity in major psychiatric disorders: a comparative meta-analysis. Mol Psychiatry 2014;19:750-751. https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2013.172
- Polyakova M, Stuke K, Schuemberg K, Mueller K, Schoenknecht P, Schroeter ML. BDNF as a biomarker for successful treatment of mood disorders: a systematic & quantitative meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2015;174:432-440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2014.11.044
- Roceri M, Hendriks W, Racagni G, Ellenbroek BA, Riva MA. Early maternal deprivation reduces the expression of BDNF and NMDA receptor subunits in rat hippocampus. Mol Psychiatry 2002;7:609-616. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.mp.4001036
- Smith MA, Makino S, Kvetnansky R, Post RM. Stress and glucocorticoids affect the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin-3 mRNAs in the hippocampus. J Neurosci 1995;15(3 Pt 1): 1768-1777. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.15-03-01768.1995
- Martinowich K, Lu B. Interaction between BDNF and serotonin: role in mood disorders. Neuropsychopharmacology 2008;33:73-83. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.npp.1301571
- Altar CA. Neurotrophins and depression. Trends Pharmacol Sci 1999;20:59-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-6147(99)01309-7
- Duman RS. Synaptic plasticity and mood disorders. Mol Psychiatry 2002;7 Suppl 1:S29-S34.
- Nestler EJ, Gould E, Manji H, Buncan M, Duman RS, Greshenfeld HK, et al. Preclinical models: status of basic research in depression. Biol Psychiatry 2002;52:503-528. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3223(02)01405-1
- Coyle JT, Duman RS. Finding the intracellular signaling pathways affected by mood disorder treatments. Neuron 2003;38:157-160. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0896-6273(03)00195-8
- Lee R, Kermani P, Teng KK, Hempstead BL. Regulation of cell survival by secreted proneurotrophins. Science 2001;294:1945-1948. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1065057
- Pang PT, Teng HK, Zaitsev E, Woo NT, Sakata K, Zhen S, et al. Cleavage of proBDNF by tPA/plasmin is essential for long-term hippocampal plasticity. Science 2004;306:487-491. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1100135
- Seidah NG, Benjannet S, Pareek S, Savaria D, Hamelin J, Goulet B, et al. Cellular processing of the nerve growth factor precursor by the mammalian pro-protein convertases. Biochem J 1996;314(Pt 3):951-960. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj3140951
- Nibuya M, Morinobu S, Duman RS. Regulation of BDNF and trkB mRNA in rat brain by chronic electroconvulsive seizure and antidepressant drug treatments. J Neurosci 1995;15:7539-7547. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.15-11-07539.1995
- Russo-Neustadt A, Beard RC, Cotman CW. Exercise, antidepressant medications, and enhanced brain derived neurotrophic factor expression. Neuropsychopharmacology 1999;21:679-682. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0893-133X(99)00059-7
- Pawlak R, Magarinos AM, Melchor J, McEwen B, Strickland S. Tissue plasminogen activator in the amygdala is critical for stress-induced anxiety-like behavior. Nat Neurosci 2003;6:168-174. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn998
- Pietraszek MH, Takada Y, Nishimoto M, Ohara K, Ohara K, Takada A. Fibrinolytic activity in depression and neurosis. Thromb Res 1991;63:661-666. https://doi.org/10.1016/0049-3848(91)90092-B
- Shi Y, You J, Yuan Y, Zhang X, Li H, Hou G. Plasma BDNF and tPA are associated with late-onset geriatric depression. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2010;64:249-254. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1819.2010.02074.x
- Jornvall H, Pohl G, Bergsdorf N, Wallen P. Differential proteolysis and evidence for a residue exchange in tissue plasminogen activator suggest possible association between two types of protein microheterogeneity. FEBS Lett 1983;156:47-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-5793(83)80245-2
- Pennica D, Holmes WE, Kohr WJ, Harkins RN, Vehar GA, Ward CA, et al. Cloning and expression of human tissue-type plasminogen activator cDNA in E. coli. Nature 1983;301:214-221. https://doi.org/10.1038/301214a0
- Yang-Feng TL, Opdenakker G, Volckaert G, Francke U. Human tissue-type plasminogen activator gene located near chromosomal breakpoint in myeloproliferative disorder. Am J Hum Genet 1986;39:79-87.
- Degen SJ, Rajput B, Reich E. The human tissue plasminogen activator gene. J Biol Chem 1986;261:6972-6985.
- Ludwig M, Wohn KD, Schleuning WD, Olek K. Allelic dimorphism in the human tissue-type plasminogen activator (TPA) gene as a result of an Alu insertion/deletion event. Hum Genet 1992;88:388-392. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00215671
- Tishkoff SA, Ruano G, Kidd JR, Kidd KK. Distribution and frequency of a polymorphic Alu insertion at the plasminogen activator locus in humans. Hum Genet 1996;97:759-764. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02346186
- Makalowski W, Mitchell GA, Labuda D. Alu sequences in the coding regions of mRNA: a source of protein variability. Trends Genet 1994;10:188-193. https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-9525(94)90254-2
- Babu MS, Prabha TS, Kaul S, Al-Hazzani A, Shafi G, Roy S, et al. Association of genetic variants of fibrinolytic system with stroke and stroke subtypes. Gene 2012;495:76-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2011.12.046
- Lovrecic L, Ristic S, Starcevic-Cizmarevic N, Brajenovic-Milic B, Jazbec SS, Sepcic J, et al. PAI and TPA gene polymorphisms in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2008;14:243-247. https://doi.org/10.1177/1352458507082603
- Zivkovic M, Starcevic Cizmarevic N, Lovrecic L, Klupka-Saric I, Stankovic A, Gasparovic I, et al. The role of TPA I/D and PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphisms in multiple sclerosis. Dis Markers 2014;2014:362708.
- Wang HK, Fung HC, Hsu WC, Wu YR, Lin JC, Ro LS, et al. Apolipoprotein E, angiotensin-converting enzyme and kallikrein gene polymorphisms and the risk of Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2006;113:1499-1509. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-005-0424-z
- Arinami T, Li L, Mitsushio H, Itokawa M, Hamaguchi H, Toru M. An insertion/deletion polymorphism in the angiotensin converting enzyme gene is associated with both brain substance P contents and affective disorders. Biol Psychiatry 1996;40:1122-1127. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3223(95)00597-8
- Segman RH, Shapira Y, Modai I, Hamdan A, Zislin J, Heresco-Levy U, et al. Angiotensin converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphism: case-control association studies in schizophrenia, major affective disorder, and tardive dyskinesia and a family-based association study in schizophrenia. Am J Med Genet 2002;114:310-314. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.10255
-
De Boer T, Ruigt GSF, Berendsen HHG. The
${\alpha}2$ -selective adrenoceptor antagonist org 3770 (mirtazapine,$Remeron^{(R)}$ ) enhances noradrenergic and serotonergic transmission. Hum Psychopharmacol 1995;10:S107-S118. https://doi.org/10.1002/hup.470100805 - de Montigny C, Haddjeri N, Mongeau R, Blier P. The effects of mirtazapine on the interactions between central noradrenergic and serotonergic systems. CNS Drugs 1995;4:13-17. https://doi.org/10.2165/00023210-199500041-00004
- Haddjeri N, Blier P, de Montigny C. Noradrenergic modulation of central serotonergic neurotransmission: acute and long-term actions of mirtazapine. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 1995;10 Suppl 4:11-17.
- Nutt DJ. Tolerability and safety aspects of mirtazapine. Hum Psychopharmacol 2002;17 Suppl 1:S37-S41. https://doi.org/10.1002/hup.388
- Kang RH, Chang HS, Wong ML, Choi MJ, Park JY, Lee HY, et al. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene polymorphisms and mirtazapine responses in Koreans with major depression. J Psychopharmacol 2010;24:1755-1763. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881109105457
- Hamilton M. A rating scale for depression. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1960;23:56-62. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.23.1.56
- Frank E, Prien RF, Jarrett RB, Keller MB, Kupfer DJ, Lavori PW, et al. Conceptualization and rationale for consensus definitions of terms in major depressive disorder. Remission, recovery, relapse, and recurrence. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1991;48:851-855. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1991.01810330075011
- Keller MB. Past, present, and future directions for defining optimal treatment outcome in depression: remission and beyond. JAMA 2003;289:3152-3560. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.289.23.3152
- Kim JH, Choi SW, Joe SH, Ha TH, Yoo HJ, Choi JE, et al. Reliability and validity of the Korean version of UKU-SERS-Pat in patients with bipolar disorder. Nord J Psychiatry 2008;62:496-502. https://doi.org/10.1080/08039480801985229
- Menashe I, Rosenberg PS, Chen BE. PGA: power calculator for case-control genetic association analyses. BMC Genet 2008;9:36.
- Salles FJ, Strickland S. Localization and regulation of the tissue plasminogen activator-plasmin system in the hippocampus. J Neurosci 2002;22:2125-2134. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.22-06-02125.2002
- Eskandari F, Mistry S, Martinez PE, Torvik S, Kotila C, Sebring N, et al. Younger, premenopausal women with major depressive disorder have more abdominal fat and increased serum levels of prothrombotic factors: implications for greater cardiovascular risk. Metabolism 2005;54:918-924. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2005.02.006
- Chang HS, Lee HY, Ham BJ, Kang RH, Jeong YJ, Kim HM, et al. Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 gene polymorphisms and mirtazapine responses in Koreans with major depression. Asia-Pacific Psychiatry 2009;1:143-151. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1758-5872.2009.00025.x
- Jern C, Ladenvall P, Wall U, Jern S. Gene polymorphism of t-PA is associated with forearm vascular release rate of t-PA. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1999;19:454-459. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.ATV.19.2.454
- Wong ML, Licinio J. Research and treatment approaches to depression. Nat Rev Neurosci 2001;2:343-351. https://doi.org/10.1038/35072566