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Growth, Storage and Fresh-cut Characteristics of Onion (Allium cepa L.) in Unstable Environmental Condition and Storage Temperature

양파의 이상 재배조건에서 생육과 저장온도에 따른 저장성 및 포장한 신선편이 특성

  • Lee, Jung-Soo (National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Chang, Min-Sun (National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Park, SuHyoung (National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration)
  • 이정수 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원) ;
  • 장민선 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원) ;
  • 박수형 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원)
  • Received : 2016.12.15
  • Accepted : 2016.12.29
  • Published : 2016.12.31

Abstract

The purpose of this study was investigated the quality changes before and after harvesting, storage and, processing of onion. Experiments were carried out to compare the effect on the characteristics of the postharvest from preharvest factors using onion. This experiment had identified the characteristics of harvested onions after cultivating with several preharvest factors such as the light and water conditions. These tests were conducted in an onion growth in the field, storage, and processing of fresh-cut during a laboratory periods of 2 years. In first year, onion cultivars ('Kars' and 'Pop') were produced under stable or unstable environment conditions, these onions were stored at low temperature(0?). Measurement was evaluated by the growth amount after harvesting, and the fresh weight loss and respiration rate during storage. According to different culture conditions and storage temperatures, it was investigated the properties of the fresh-cut onion. Growth of onion was varied depending on the cultivars and culture conditions. The amount of growth on 'Kars' and 'Pop' onions were decreased by excessive soil water conditions with shading. These influences were found the morphological differences resulting for the cell tissue of onion being rough and large. Onion cultivated in excessive soil water with shading affected the degree of its respiration rate and fresh weight loss during storage. Ones in excessive soil water with shading were higher than the control in fresh weight loss and respiration rate, respectively. However fresh-cut onion could not investigated to clarify the difference due to effects of cultivation condition and storage temperature on some measure items such as electrolyte leakage and microbial number change. There was a change of only electrolyte leakage depending on the storage temperature, rather than cultivated conditions before harvesting factor. The results showed that the onion grown on in the good environment was represented to a good quality produce even after harvesting.

양파의 재배적 요인과 저장 조건에 따른 수확 전 후 특성을 조사하여, 이들 요인간의 상호적 관계에 대해 구명하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 양파 품종 이외의 수확전 재배환경과 같은 가변적 요인이 저장 특성과 가공 시에 미치는 영향을 조사하고자, '카스(Kars)' 등의 품종을 이용하여 재배기간 중의 토양 과습과 차광 처리에 의한 재배조건 차이에 따른 생육 차이를 조사하였으며, 수확후 상온($22^{\circ}C$)과 저온($0^{\circ}C$)으로 저장온도를 달리하여 저장 동안의 생체중량 감소와 호흡을 관측하였으며, 저장 후 가공 시 신선편이의 미생물 수, electrolyte leakage, 가스조성 변화 등을 관찰하였다. 양파 저장 시 수확후에 품종뿐만 아니라 수확전 재배조건과 같이 가변적인 요인이 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였는데, 양파는 재배 시 토양 과습과 차광 처리가 생육에 영향을 미쳐 생육량이 감소하고, 세포조직은 크기가 커지고 엉성한 구조를 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 본 연구의 결과를 통해 재배환경의 차이가 생육뿐만 아니라 수확후에도 영향을 미쳐 생체중량 감소 및 호흡량의 증가로 이어짐을 밝혔는데, 양파 저장 중의 토양 과습과 차광 처리 한 양파의 생체중 변화와 호흡률이 대조구보다 더 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 저장 온도에서는 저온($0^{\circ}C$)뿐만 아니라 상온($22^{\circ}C$)에서 저장한 것도 재배조건의 영향을 받는 것으로 보였다. 본 연구에서 신선편이의 보존 중 변화는 수확전 재배환경보다 저장조건이 더 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으나, 재배 후 저장과정을 달리한 신선편이 양파는 측정항목에 따라 영향이 다르게 보였다. 신선편이의 electrolyte leakage나 미생물 수는 재배조건 보다는 최소 가공전의 저장온도에 더 영향을 받아 저온($0^{\circ}C$) 저장한 것이 electrolyte leakage가 높고 미생물수가 많았다. 그러나 가스 조성 변화나 이취는 재배조건이나 저장온도에 따른 영향을 확인하기 어려워 보였다. 향후 신선편이에서 가공 전 영향에 대해서는 지속적인 탐색과 포장 후 품질관리를 통해 효과적인 상품성의 유지를 위한 방법을 밝힐 필요가 있을 것으로 본다. 본 연구를 통해 양파의 품종, 재배환경, 저장조건 등이 수확후나 신선편이에 미치는 영향을 구명하여, 수확전 재배 단계에서부터, 수확후 저장, 가공까지 유기적 관계가 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 고품질의 신선한 원예산물에 대한 요구가 높아져 수확후 관리의 중요성이 강조되고 있지만, 저장 이후에도 높은 품질을 유지하기 위해서는 수확후 관리는 원물에 대한 이해를 통해 수확전 재배환경에서부터 수확후 저장기술 등이 연계되어 관리되어야 한다는 인식의 변화와 정론(定論)이 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

Keywords

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