References
- Amanllah, S.M., Kim, D.H., Lee, H.J., Joo, Y.H., Kim, S.B. and Kim, S.C. 2014. Effects of microbial additives on chemical composition and fermentation characteristics of barley silage. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science. 27:511-517. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2013.13617
- Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). 1995. Official Methods of Analysis, 16th edn. AOAC, Arlington, VA.
- Beuvink, J.M., Spoelstra, S.F. and Hogendorp, R.J. 1992. An automated method of measuring the time course of gas production of feedstuffs incubated with buffered rumen fluid. Netherlands Journal of Agriculture Science. 40:401-407.
- Buchanan-Smith, J.G. 1990. An investigation into palatability as a factor responsible for reduced intake of silage by sheep. Animal Science. 50:253-260.
- Chaney, A.L. and Marbach, E.P. 1962. Modified reagents for determination of urea and ammonia. Clinical Chemistry. 8:130-132.
- Cho, S.B., Kang, J.S., Cho, K.J., Lee, K.H., Kwon, C.H., Song, J. Y., Lee, K.H., Kim, S.Y. and Kim, E.J. 2014. Effect of homofermentative and heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria on the quality and aerobic stability of silage: Meta-analysis. Journal of the Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science. 34: 247-253. https://doi.org/10.5333/KGFS.2014.34.4.247
- Dawson, K.A., Neuma, K.E. and Boling, J.A. 1990. Effects of microbial supplements containing yeast and lactobacilli on roughage-fed ruminal microbial activities. Journal of Animal Science. 68:3392-3398. https://doi.org/10.2527/1990.68103392x
- Desnoyers, M., Giger-Reverdin, S., Bertin, G., Duvaux-Ponter, C. and Sauvant, D. 2009. Meta-analysis of the influence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae supplementation on ruminal parameters and milk production of ruminants. Journal of Dairy Science. 92:1620-1632. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2008-1414
- Duncan, D.B. 1955. Multiple range and multiple F-tests. Biometrics. 11:1-42. https://doi.org/10.2307/3001478
- Erwin, E.S., Marco, S.J. and Emery, E.M. 1961. Volatile fatty acid analysis of blood and rumen fluid by gas chromatography. Journal of Dairy Science. 44:1768-1771. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(61)89956-6
- FadelElseed, A.M. and Abusamra, R.M. 2007. Effects of supplemental yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) culture on NDF digestibility and rumen fermentation of forage sorghum hay in Nubian goat's kids. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences. 3:133-137.
- Hristov, A.N., Ropp, J.K. and Hunt, C.W. 2002. Effect of barley and its amylopectin content on ruminal fermentation and bacterial utilization of ammonia-N in vitro. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 99:25-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-8401(02)00076-7
- Kalogridou-Vassiliadou, D. 1992. Biochemical activities of Bacillus species isolated from flat sour evaporated milk. Journal of Dairy Science. 75:2681-2686. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(92)78030-8
- Kleinschmit, D.H. and Kung Jr, L. 2006. A meta-analysis of the effects of Lactobacillus buchneri on the fermentation and aerobic stability of corn and grass and small-grain silages. Journal of Dairy Science. 89:4005-4013. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(06)72444-4
- Krause, K.M. and Oetzel, G.R. 2006. Understanding and preventing subacute ruminal acidosis in dairy herds: A review. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 126:215-236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2005.08.004
- Lynch, H.A. and Martin, S.A. 2002. Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture and Saccharomyces cerevisiae live cells on in vitro mixed ruminal microorganism fermentation. Journal of Dairy Science. 85:2009-2014. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(02)74277-X
- Mathieu, F., Jouany, J.P., Senaud, J., Bohatier, J., Bertin, G. and Mercier, M. 1996. The effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus oryzae on fermentation in the rumen of faunated and defaunated sheep. protozoal and probiotic interactions. Reproduction Nutrition Development. 36:271-287. https://doi.org/10.1051/rnd:19960305
- McAllister, T.A., Bae, H.D., Jones, G.A. and Cheng, K.J. 1994. Microbial attachment and feed digestion in the rumen. Journal of Animal Science. 72:3004-3018. https://doi.org/10.2527/1994.72113004x
- Moon, Y.H., Lee, K.A., Kim, Y.J. and Koo, Y.M. 2011. Current Status of EM (Effective Microoragnisms) utilization. Korean Society for Biotechnology and Bioengineering Journal. 26:365-373.
- Muck, R. and Kung, L.J. 1997. Effects of silage additives on ensiling. In: Field to Feedbunk North American Conference Hershey. PA. NRAES 99.
- Mutsvangwa, T., Edwards, I.E., Topps, J.H. and Paterson, G.F. 1992. The effect of dietary inclusion of yeast culture (Yea-Sacc) on patterns of rumen fermentation, food-intake and growth of intensively fed bulls. Animal Production. 55:35-40. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003356100037247
- Nocek, J.E. and Kautz, W.P. 2006. Direct-fed microbial supplementation on ruminal digestion, health, and performance of pre- and postpartum dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science. 89:260-266. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(06)72090-2
- Padel, A.M.A. 2007. Effects of supplemental yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) culture on NDF digestibility and rumen fermentation of forage sorghum hay in Nubian goat's kids. Journal of Agriculture and Biological Science. 3:133-137.
- Paryad, A. and Rashid, M. 2009. Effect of yest (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on apparent digestibility and nitrogen retention of tomato pomace in sheep. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition. 8:273-278. https://doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2009.273.278
- Qiao, G.H., Shan, A.S., Ma, N., Ma, Q.Q. and Sun, Z.W. 2010. Effect of supplemental Bacillus cultures on rumen fermentation and milk yield in Chinese Holstein cows. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition. 94:429-436.
- Rose, A.H. 1980. Rent research on industrially important strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In: Skinner, F.A., Passmores, S.M., and Danenport, R. R. (ed.) Biology and Activities of Yeasts. The Society for Applied Bacteriology Symposium Series. 9:103. Academic Press. London. UK.
- Satter, L.D. and Slyter, L.L. 1974. Effect of ammonia concentration of rumen microbial protein production in vitro. British Journal of Nutrition. 32:199-208. https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN19740073
- Seale, D.R. 1986. Bacterial inoculants as silage additives. Journal of Applied Bacteriology. 61:9-26.
- Stewart, C.S., Flint, H.J. and Bryant, M.P. 1997. The rumen bacteria. In: The Rumen Microbial Ecosystem II(Eds. P. N. Hobson and C.S. Stewart). Chapman and Hall, London, UK. pp. 10-72.
- Sung, H.G. 2013. Effects of yeast culture supplementation on rice straw digestibility ad cellulolytic bacterial community in the rumen. Journal of Animal Science and Technology. 55:41-49. https://doi.org/10.5187/JAST.2013.55.1.41
- Troelsen, J.E. and Donna, H.J. 1966. Ruminant digestion in vitro as affected by inoculum donor collection day, and fermentation time. Canadian Journal of Animal Science. 46:149-156. https://doi.org/10.4141/cjas66-022
- Van Soeat, P.J., Robertson, J.B. and Lewis, B.A. 1991. Carbohydrate methodology, metabolism, and nutritional implications in dairy cattle: Methods for dietary fibre, neutral detergent fibre, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science. 74:3583-3597. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2
- Wang, Z., Zhixiong, H.E., Beauchemin, K.A., Tang, S., Zhou, C., Han, X., Wang, M., Kang, J., Odongo, N.E. and Tan, Z. 2016. Comparison of two live Bacillus species as feed additives for improving in vitro fermentation of cereal straws. Animal Science Journal. 87:27-36. https://doi.org/10.1111/asj.12346
- Weidmeier, R.D., Arambel, M.J. and Wakters, J.L. 1987. Effect of yeast culture and Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract on ruminal characteristics and nutrient digestibility. Journal of Dairy Science. 70:2063-2079. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(87)80254-0
- Williams, A., Amat-Marco, M. and Collins, M.D. 1996. Pylogenetic analysis of Butyrivibrio strains reveals three distinct groups of species within the Clostridium subphylum of the Gram-positive bacteria. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. 46:195-199. https://doi.org/10.1099/00207713-46-1-195