Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture (한국전통조경학회지)

Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture (한국전통조경학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A Study on the Position and Meaning of the Back Garden in Wanggung-ri Site, Iksan

익산 왕궁리유적에서 후원의 위상과 의미에 대한 연구

  • Jeon, Yong-Ho (Buyeo National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage)
  • Received : 2016.09.20
  • Accepted : 2016.12.19
  • Published : 2016.12.19
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The Back garden in Wanggung-ri Site, Iksan clearly presents an aspect of the landscape gardening techniques of the Baekje, which are significantly unique in the landscape gardening history of East Asia as the structure connected to the main garden through a complex waterway system on a hill. The rear garden has a complex waterway system comprising a large inverted U-shape waterway and its branch waterways, sinuous waterway and water catchment system to enhance the landscape effect with a minimum amount of water on a hill, reducing damage by floods in the case of heavy rain and securing the amount of water required by the main space in the palace. A landscape element using various kinds and sizes of oddly shaped rocks decorated the water catchment area inside or around the large inverted U-shape waterway. On the top of the hill, the center in the Back garden, a building site in the size of 4 Kans each on the front and side was made on a square base surrounded by a round base stone. The building was identified on a space partially surrounded by the rectangular stonework on the left and right slope of the hill. While the functions and roles of the rectangular stonework are not accurately identified due to the poor conditions of the present site, the stonework may be related to the building inside it. The back garden in Wanggung-ri Site, Iksan has a winding pond-shaped waterway to pull or push water into or out of the garden in a rectangular pond shape, which was a conventional landscape gardening technique during the Baekje period. Since the main garden and the back garden in Wanggung-ri Site, Iksan form a systematic connection system, this paper tried to newly establish the main garden inside Iksan Wanggungseong as the 'royal garden'.

익산 왕궁리유적의 후원은 구릉상에 복잡한 수로체계를 통하여 정원과 연결된 구조로 동아시아 조경사에서 상당히 독특한 면모를 한 백제 조원기술(造苑技術)의 일면을 잘 보여준다. 후원은 구릉상에 입지하여 최소한의 물로 조경 효과를 높이면서도 집중 호우시 침수 피해를 줄이고, 궁성 중심 공간에 필요한 용수를 확보하기 위하여 역U자형 대형수로와 이에 연결된 수로, 곡수로 및 집수시설로 이루어진 복잡한 수로 체계를 갖추고 있다. 특히 역U자형 대형수로의 내부에서 물이 고이는 지점이나 그 가장자리에 크기나 형태가 다양한 괴석으로 장식한 조경시설도 설치되어 있다. 그리고 후원의 중심부인 구릉의 상면에는 원형 초석 시설로 둘러싼 내부에 방형 초석을 사용한 정면 4칸, 측면 4칸의 건물지가 자리하고 있다. 또한 구릉의 좌 우 사면에는 말각장방형의 석축시설로 일부분이 감싸져 있는 공간 내부에 건물도 확인되었다. 아직까지 말각장방형의 석축시설의 기능 및 역할에 대해서는 잔존 상태가 좋지 못하여 정확하게 알 수 없으나 그 내부의 건물과 관련된 시설임에는 분명하다. 이런 점에서 익산 왕궁리유적의 후원은 백제의 전통적인 조원 수법인 방지(方池) 스타일의 정원에 물을 끌어 들이거나 내보기 위한 곡지(曲池) 스타일의 수로(水路)를 함께 지니고 있다. 아울러 익산 왕궁리유적의 '정원'과 '후원'은 상호 유기적인 연결체계를 이루고 있다는 점에서 익산 왕궁성의 내부에 있는 '궁원(宮苑)'으로 보고자 한다.

Keywords

References

  1. Buyeo National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage. (2010). Report on Excavation of Wanggung-ri Historic Site VII.
  2. Buyeo National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage. (2011). Report on Excavation of Wanggung-ri Historic Site VIII.
  3. Buyeo National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage. (2013). Report on Excavation of Wanggung-ri Historic Site VIX.
  4. Buyeo National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage. (2014). Capital Cities in East Asia and Iksan Wanggungseong Fortress in Ancient Times(1st and 2nd Volume).
  5. Buyeo National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage. (2015). Report on Excavation of Wanggungni Historic Site X.
  6. Kim. N. J. (2011). Back Garden in a Fortress in East Asia in Ancient Times(Ancient Days). Baekje Studies. Volume 53.
  7. Kim. Y. M. (2007). Results of Excavation of Wanggungseong Fortress in Iksan and Cultural Features. Mahan and Baekje Culture. Volume 17.
  8. Rho. J. H. (2012). Analysis on the Rocks of Fantastic Shapes in Baekje Garden in Wanggung-ri, Iksan. Comparative Studies on Ancient Gardens. Buyeo National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage.
  9. Rho. J. H. (2014). A Study on the Rocks of Fantastic Shapes and Water Flow System in a Garden in Wanggung-ri, Iklsan, Capital Cities in East Asia and Iksan Wanggungseong Fortress in Ancient Times (1st Volume). Buyeo National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage.
  10. Rho. J. H., Shin. S. S., Park Y. J. and Kim H. O. Research on Odd-shaped stones at Baekje's palace Backyard in Wanggung-ri, Iksan. Journal of Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture. 28(4).
  11. Yu. J. D. (2011). Gardens in Capital Cities in China in Ancient Times. Baekje Studies. Vol. 53.
  12. Park. S. B. (2005). Wanggung-ri Historic Site, Iksan from the Viewpoint of Capital City History in East Asia. Iksan Wanggung-ri Historic Site-Results and Significance of Excavation for 20 Years. Buyeo National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage.
  13. Park. S. B. (2010). Capital Cities of Baekje. Chungnam National University Press.
  14. Bae B. S. (2014). Iksan Wanggungseong Fortress and Architecture of Baekje. Capital Cities in East Asia and Iksan Wanggungseong Fortress in Ancient Times(1st Volume). Buyeo National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage.
  15. Lee. G. C. (2014). Significance of Iksan Wanggung-ri Historic Site in Terms of Capital City Planning during Late Baekje Period. Capital Cities in East Asia and Iksan Wanggungseong Fortress in Ancient Times(1st Volume). Buyeo National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage.
  16. Jeon. Y. H. (2009). Results of Recent Excavation in Wanggung-ri Historic Site-Focused on Space Zoning and Application Approaches. Excavation Results and Significance of Wanggung-ri Historic Site. Buyeo National Research Institute of Cultural Herirage. Juryuseong Publishing House.
  17. Jeon. Y. H. (2010). Iksan Wanggung-ri Historic Site-A Study on the Change from Fortress to Temple. Capital Cities in Korea. Gyeongju, Buyeo and Gaya National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage.
  18. Jeon. Y. H. (2011). A Study on Royal Gardens in Iksan Wanggungni Historic Site. Journal of Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture. No. 9.
  19. Jeon. Y. H. (2012). 益山王宮里遺跡の宮城構造についての一考察. Discourse on Ancient Culture. Vol. 68. Society of Kyushu Prehistoric and Ancient Cultural Studies.
  20. Jeon. Y. H. (2015). Research Results and Disputes on Structure of Iksan Wanggungseong Fortress. Mahan and Baekje Culture.
  21. Jeon. Y. H. (2016). Review on Structure and Operating System of Back Garden in Iksan Wanggung-ri Historic Site. Journal of 2016 Spring Academic Symposium of Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture.
  22. Ji. B. M. (1999). Comments on the Properties of Iksan Wanggung-ri Historic Site-Focused on the Remains of Fortress. Historical Studies. Bound Volume 58 & 59.
  23. Choi. M. S. (2003). Features of Iksan Wanggung-ri Historic Site. Prehistoric and Ancient Culture in Iksan. Iksan Wonkwang University Mahan and Baekje Research Institute.
  24. Choi. M. J. (2012). Review on Back Garden in Iksan Wanggung-ri Historic Site. Comparative Studies on Ancient Gardens. Buyeo National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage.
  25. Choi. M. J. (2014a). Perspectives on the Composition Facilities of The Royal Garden at Wanggung-ri site, Iksan. Journal of Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture. 32(3).
  26. Choi. M. J. (2014b). Review on the Facilities in Back Garden in Iksan Wanggung-ri HIstoric Site and Time of Construction. Capital Cities in East Asia and Iksan Wanggungseong Fortress in Ancient Times(1st Volume).