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Development trend of the mushroom industry

버섯 산업의 발달 동향

  • Yoo, Young Bok (Jirisan Mushroom Institute) ;
  • Oh, Min Ji (Mushroom Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA) ;
  • Oh, Youn Lee (Mushroom Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA) ;
  • Shin, Pyung Gyun (Mushroom Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA) ;
  • Jang, Kab Yeul (Mushroom Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA) ;
  • Kong, Won Sik (Mushroom Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA)
  • 유영복 (지리산버섯연구소) ;
  • 오민지 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 버섯과) ;
  • 오연이 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 버섯과) ;
  • 신평균 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 버섯과) ;
  • 장갑열 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 버섯과) ;
  • 공원식 (농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원 버섯과)
  • Received : 2016.12.05
  • Accepted : 2016.12.19
  • Published : 2016.12.31

Abstract

Worldwide production of mushrooms has been increasing by 10-20% every year. Recently, Pleurotus eryngii and P. nebrodensis have become popular mushroom species for cultivation. In particular, China exceeded 8.7 million tons in 2002, which accounted for 71.5% of total world output. A similar trend was also observed in Korea. Two kinds of mushrooms-Gumji (金芝; Ganoderma) and Seoji-are described in the ancient book 'Samguksagi' (History of the three kingdoms; B.C 57~A.D 668; written by Bu Sik Kim in 1145) during the Korea-dynasty. Many kinds of mushrooms are also described in more than 17 ancient books during the Chosun-dynasty (1392~1910) in Korea. Approximately 200 commercial strains of 38 species of mushrooms were developed and distributed to cultivators. The somatic hybrid variety of oyster mushroom, 'Wonhyeong-neutari,' was developed by protoplast fusion, and distributed to growers in 1989. Further, the production of mushrooms as food was 199,829 metric tons, valued at 850 billion Korean Won (one trillion won if mushroom factory products are included) in 2015. In Korea, the major cultivated species are P. ostreatus, P. eryngii, Flammulina velutipes, Lentinula edodes, Agaricus bisporus, and Ganoderma lucidum, which account for 90% of the total production. Since mushroom export was initiated in 1960, the export and import of mushrooms have increased in Korea. Technology was developed for liquid spawn production, and automatic cultivation systems led to the reduction of production cost, resulting in the increase in mushroom export. However, some species were imported owing to high production costs for effective cultivation methods. In academia, RDA scientists have conducted mushroom genome projects since 1997. One of the main outcomes is the whole genome sequencing of Flammulina velutipes for molecular breeding. With regard to medicinal mushrooms, we have been conducting genome research on Cordyceps and its related species for developing functional foods. There are various kinds of beneficial substances in mushrooms; mushroom products, including pharmaceuticals, tonics, healthy beverages, functional biotransformants, and processed foods have also became available on the market. In addition, compost and feed can likewise be made from mushroom substrates after harvest.

세계의 버섯 생산량은 매년 10-20% 증가해 왔으며 다품목화 되어가고 있다. 최근에는 큰느타리, 백령느타리 등이 새로운 품목으로 재배 면적이 증가하고 있다. 특히 중국은 2002년 870만 톤으로 세계생산량 71.5%를 차지하였다. 한국도 유사한 경향을 나타내고 있다. 우리나라에서는 고려시대 저술한 김부식의 삼국사기(1145년)에 처음으로 금지(영지)와 서지가 기록되었고, 조선시대에는 17종류 이상의 농서 또는 의학서에서 버섯의 이용이 기록되었다. 상업적으로 이용되는 버섯으로는 지금까지 38종의 200품종 이상이 육성 보급되었다. 원형질체 융합에 의한 '원형느타리'가 1989년에 개발 보급되었는데 이는 느타리 품질 기준을 바꾸었다. 버섯 생산은 2015년에 199,829 톤으로 생산가액 약 8,500억 원을 능가할 것으로 추정된다. 주요 생산버섯은 느타리, 큰느타리, 팽이, 표고, 양송이, 영지로 전체의 90% 이상을 차지한다. 버섯 수출이 1960년 시작된 이후 수출과 수입은 증가되어 왔다. 병재배시스템 개발과 액체종균 사용으로 생산비가 절감되어 수출증가를 이끌었다. 하지만 일부 버섯의 높은 생산비로 수입도 증가하였다. 농촌진흥청에서 1977년부터 버섯의 유전체 연구를 시작하였다. 팽이버섯의 게놈 염기서열 분석은 분자육종에 이바지할 것이다. 또한 약용버섯인 동충하초 게놈 연구도 기능성 산물 개발에 기여할 것이다. 버섯은 다양한 생리활성이 보고되었다. 버섯산물인 의약품, 강장제, 건강음료, 기능성 생물전환제, 가공품 등이 개발되어 시중에서 유통되고 있다. 버섯의 수확 후 배지의 사료화 및 퇴비제조도 이루어지고 있다.

Keywords

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