Journal of Environmental Health Sciences (한국환경보건학회지)

Korean Society of Environmental Health (한국환경보건학회)
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Development and Validation of Reference Material for Proficiency Testing of Blood Heavy Metals in Environmental Biomonitoring

환경 바이오모니터링에서의 혈중 중금속 분석 숙련도 시험을 위한 표준물질 제조 및 적용성 평가

  • Im, Hosub (Institute for Life & Environmental Technology, Smartive Corporation) ;
  • Yang, Minho (Institute for Life & Environmental Technology, Smartive Corporation) ;
  • Oh, Selim (Institute for Life & Environmental Technology, Smartive Corporation) ;
  • Kim, Soyoung (Institute for Life & Environmental Technology, Smartive Corporation) ;
  • Jung, Hojun (Institute for Life & Environmental Technology, Smartive Corporation) ;
  • Cho, Yong Min (Institute for Life & Environmental Technology, Smartive Corporation) ;
  • Lee, Jung Sub (National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Kim, Hyun Jeong (National Institute of Environmental Research) ;
  • Lee, Chae Kwan (Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine & Institute of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Pusan Paik Hospital, Inje University) ;
  • Moon, Chan-Seok (Department of Industrial Health, Catholic University of Pusan) ;
  • Lee, Jong-Wha (Department of Environmental Health Science, Soonchunhyang University)
  • 임호섭 (주식회사 스마티브 생명환경연구소) ;
  • 양민호 (주식회사 스마티브 생명환경연구소) ;
  • 오세림 (주식회사 스마티브 생명환경연구소) ;
  • 김소영 (주식회사 스마티브 생명환경연구소) ;
  • 정호준 (주식회사 스마티브 생명환경연구소) ;
  • 조용민 (주식회사 스마티브 생명환경연구소) ;
  • 이정섭 (국립환경과학원) ;
  • 김현정 (국립환경과학원) ;
  • 이채관 (인제대학교 의과대학 직업환경의학교실/환경산업의학연구소) ;
  • 문찬석 (부산가톨릭대학교 산업보건학과) ;
  • 이종화 (순천향대학교 환경보건학과)
  • Received : 2016.10.15
  • Accepted : 2016.12.08
  • Published : 2016.12.30
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Abstract

Objectives: This study developed and validated reference materials (RMs) to analyze metal compounds in blood. Methods: We referred to KoNEHS (Korea National Environmental Health Survey) to estimate concentrations of blood metals (cadmium, Cd; lead, Pb; mercury, Hg) and applied analytical methods (inductively coupled plasma - mass spectroscopy, ICP-MS, for Cd and Pb; graphite furnace - atomic absorption spectrometry, GF-AAS, for Cd and Pb; and direct mercury analyzer, DMA, for Hg). Homogeneity and stability tests were carried out. In addition, certified values and uncertainties of RMs were calculated through internal and external experiments. All RMs were developed and assessed in various forms according to element, analytical method, and two types of concentration levels high concentration for occupational exposure and low concentration for environmental exposure. Results: All samples showed acceptable homogeneity, except for low concentration of Cd in the GF-AAS method. Short- and long-term stabilities were satisfied by ANOVA testing. In the inter-laboratory comparison, robust medians were lower than the certified values of all RMs (robust median/reference value; $1.301/1.327{\mu}g/L$ for Cd, ICP-MS, low concentration; $3.152/3.388{\mu}g/L$ for Cd, ICP-MS, high concentration; $1.219/1.301{\mu}g/L$ for Cd, GF-AAS, low concentration; $3.074/3.321{\mu}g/L$ for Cd, GF-AAS, high concentration; $14.473/14.516{\mu}g/L$ for Pb, ICP-MS, low concentration; $50.069/50.114{\mu}g/L$ for Pb, ICP-MS, high concentration; $12.881/14.147{\mu}g/L$ for Pb, GF-AAS, low concentration; $47.015/47.591{\mu}g/L$ for Pb, GF-AAS, high concentration; $4.059/4.218{\mu}g/L$ for Hg, DMA, low concentration; $11.474/11.181{\mu}g/L$ for Hg, DMA, high concentration). Conclusion: This study demonstrates procedures for developing and validating RMs for biomonitoring in the field of the environmental health.

Keywords

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