Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education (한국과학교육학회지)

The Korean Association for Science Education (한국과학교육학회)
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An Analysis on the Characteristics of Problem-Finding and the Aspects of Using Science and Technology of Undergraduate Students' Convergence Problem Solving Activity

대학생들의 융합형 문제 해결 활동에서 문제발견 및 과학기술 분야 활용 양상 분석

  • Received : 2016.11.23
  • Accepted : 2016.12.14
  • Published : 2016.12.31
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Abstract

In accordance with the changing of society, remarkable increase in knowledge and information, the competencies to choose and use proper information in various domains are considered as an important skill. As one of the methods in developing these competencies, it is emphasized that a problem-based learning can make student understand and use knowledge by solving the contextualized problem. However, it is skeptical of learner's development of competencies to use knowledge by solving well-defined given problem. Therefore it is required that students be allowed to develop the competency to find problem through experiences to determine and evaluate the purpose of the problem and method. The purpose of this study is to understand how undergraduate students use science or technology in finding a problem. In this line, this study articulated four cases conducted by participants who engaged in convergence teaching-learning program. And this study investigated the participants' process of problem-finding, method and reason to apply science or technology. The results were drawn by analyzing interviews and written data, including their proposal, a poster, and final reports. Participants changed the form of problem from initial ill-structured one into a concrete one, where the participant could derive a detailed solution. Science or technology applied as the detailed example to convert problem into a concrete form, or as the analyzing tool or theoretical background of problem to make a link with other domain. Their reason of applying science or technology could be summarized in 'personal interest based on prior experience' and 'alternatives to resolve a dissatisfaction.' Based on the result, this study suggests holistic approach that is included in both intuitive thinking and logical thinking and metacognitive regulation to stimulate problem-finding in problem-based learning program.

지식과 정보의 양이 폭발적으로 증가하는 최근 사회의 변화에 의해 지식의 선택과 활용 능력을 신장해야 한다는 요구가 더 높아지고 있다. 이를 반영하기 위한 하나의 방안으로 문제기반학습은 구체적 맥락에서 문제를 해결하여 지식의 이해와 활용을 가능하게 하는 접근 방안임을 강조했다. 하지만, 주어진 문제를 해결하는 경험만으로는 본래의 목표를 달성하기 어렵다는 비판이 많은 것이 사실이다. 따라서 학생들이 주어진 상황으로부터 문제 해결을 위한 구체적 목표와 방법을 결정하는 경험을 쌓게 하여 문제를 발견하는 능력을 강조해야 한다. 본 연구는 대학생들이 과학기술 분야를 어떻게 활용하여 문제를 발견하는지 이해하고자 하였다. 이러한 선상에서 융합형 교수학습프로그램에 참여한 대학생들 중, 과학기술 분야를 활용한 네 명의 참여자들의 사례에서 문제발견 과정과 과학기술 분야의 활용 방식, 활용 이유를 조사하였다. 연구결과는 문제 제안서, 중간발표인 포스터, 최종 보고서와 함께 인터뷰 자료를 분석하여 도출하였다. 연구결과, 연구 참여자들은 초기의 비구조화된 문제로부터 구조화하여 결론을 구체적으로 도출할 수 있는 형태로 변화시켰다. 과학기술 분야는 문제의 구조화를 위한 구체적 사례로 활용되거나, 타 학문 분야와 연계하기 위한 분석 도구 혹은 배경 이론으로 활용되는 것을 확인하였다. 과학기술 분야가 도입된 이유는 사전 경험에 근거한 개인적 흥미와 불만족 해소를 위한 기존 학문 분야의 대안으로 설명할 수 있었다. 연구 결과를 토대로 문제기반학습에서 문제발견을 촉진할 수 있는 방안으로 직관적 사고와 논리적 사고의 통합적 관점, 메타인지적 조절을 제안하였다.

Keywords

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  1. 문제기반학습(Problem-Based Learning) 프로그램에서 과학사 및 과학철학 기반 융합 문제를 해결한 이공계열과 인문사회계열 대학생들의 사례연구 vol.39, pp.4, 2019, https://doi.org/10.14697/jkase.2019.39.4.499